ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2022
Muscle-Inspired Linear Actuators by Electrochemical Oxidation of Liquid Metal Bridges.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Self-sustained GaIn droplet oscillations by coupled electrochemical and mechanical driving forces.Soft matter · 2026Article
- Liquid Metal Electrodes: Material Properties, Interfacial Behavior, Fabrication, Performance, and Applications.Micromachines · 2026Review
- A flexible liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic pump for soft robotic systems.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Feline-Inspired Robot Enabled by Combustion-Driven Actuators for Agile Motion and High-Payload Obstacle Traversal.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Shapeshifting Liquid Metal Droplets for Soft Fluidic Machines.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Programmable Continuous Electrowetting of Liquid Metal for Reconfigurable Electronics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Electrochemical grippers based on the tuning of surface forces for applications in micro- and nanorobotics.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Shape-Programmable Liquid Metal Fibers.Biosensors · 2022Article
- Muscle-Inspired Linear Actuators by Electrochemical Oxidation of Liquid Metal Bridges.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Progress in artificial muscles relies on new architectures that combine soft matter with transduction mechanisms for converting controlled stimuli into mechanical work. Liquid metal, in particular eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn), is promising for creating an artificial muscle since it is intrinsically deformable and capable of generating significant force and shape change through low voltage stimulation. In this work, a muscle-inspired structure for designing liquid metal actuators is presented, where EGaIn droplets are configured with copper pads to linearly contract. By theory and experiments, it is demonstrated that this design enables higher work densities and stress, making it a favorable actuator at smaller length scales. Furthermore, higher frequency (up to 5 Hz) operation is achieved by prestretching an antagonistic pair of actuators, where energy bistability enables fast-switching actuation. Overall, this muscle-inspired architecture shows a unique combination of low voltage operation, higher energy density at smaller scales, structural scalability, and higher frequency actuation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.