ArticleJournal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography2022
Fetal Doppler Echocardiographic Assessment Predicts Severe Postnatal Obstruction in Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection.
Article in Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal Hyperoxygenation for Prenatal Risk Stratification of Pulmonary Venous Obstruction in Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Transitioning from the safety of the womb to the outside world for neonates with life-threatening cardiovascular conditions: The IMmediate Postpartum Access to Cardiac Therapy (IMPACT) Procedure.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Review
- The Role of Fetal Echocardiography in Predicting Postnatal Pulmonary Venous Obstruction in Neonates with TAPVR: A Single Center Experience.Pediatric cardiology · 2025Article
- Familial Prenatal Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage: Genetic Implications and Multimodal Echocardiographic and MRI Assessment.JACC. Case reports · 2025Article
- Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection - prenatal echocardiography and neonatal follow-up.Journal of ultrasonography · 2025Article
- Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease: The Crucial Role of Perinatal and Delivery Planning.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Review
- Advances in Fetal Cardiac Imaging and Intervention.CJC pediatric and congenital heart disease · 2024Review
- Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal verification in fetuses with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundObstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a form of critical congenital heart disease that usually requires urgent postnatal intervention. Knowing which patients have severe obstruction can aid delivery planning. The authors previously developed a novel quantitative metric of pulmonary venous flow, the pulmonary venous variability index (PVVI). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that fetal PVVI and vertical vein Doppler velocities are associated with severe pulmonary vein obstruction postnatally.
methodsA retrospective cohort study of neonates with prenatally diagnosed TAPVC was performed. Patients who underwent fetal echocardiography at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia with Doppler interrogation of the vertical vein were included for analysis. Twenty-nine patients met criteria (21 with heterotaxy, 18 with supracardiac TAPVC). The latest gestation fetal echocardiogram was used. Severe pulmonary vein obstruction was defined as preoperative death or urgent surgery or catheter-based intervention (first day of life). Measurements of PVVI, defined as (maximum velocity - minimum velocity)/mean velocity, were made offline. Wilcoxon rank sum models were used to assess the associations of severe obstruction and PVVI and maximum, mean, and minimum velocities.
resultsThe mean gestational age at the latest fetal echocardiographic examination was 35 weeks (range, 30-39 weeks). Twelve of the 29 patients (41%) met criteria for severe pulmonary vein obstruction. Lower PVVI was associated with greater risk for severe pulmonary venous obstruction (P = .008). The maximum, mean, and minimum velocities in the vertical vein were all significantly associated with severe pulmonary venous obstruction (P = .03, P = .03, and P = .007, respectively). Qualitative assessment of obstruction was not significantly associated with the outcome. Interobserver reliability for all vertical vein Doppler metrics was high (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.9).
conclusionsFetal PVVI and maximum, mean, and minimum velocities are associated with severe postnatal pulmonary vein obstruction in TAPVC. Accurate prediction of obstructed TAPVC could allow safer delivery planning. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to identify the ideal cutoff values for these Doppler measures.
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