ArticleAnalytical chemistry2022
Surface Activity of Amines Provides Evidence for the Combined ESI Mechanism of Charge Reduction for Protein Complexes.
Article in Analytical chemistry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Solution Phase Protein Dynamics: Influences of ESI Buffers on Hydration.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Native mass spectrometry meets X-rays for the elucidation of protein structures.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Proton transfer reagent cations for ion-ion charge state manipulation of high mass negatively-charged analytes in an electrodynamic ion trap.The Analyst · 2026Article
- Hybrid Detergents Facilitate Scalable Charge Reduction and Stabilize Membrane Proteins While Retaining Lipid Interactions.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Dissecting Heterogeneous Populations of Protein-Complex Samples Using Direct Mass Technology.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Design and Synthesis of Hetero-Bicephalic Detergents for Native Mass Spectrometry of Membrane Proteins.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Precursor Resolution via Ion Z-State Manipulation: A Tandem Mass Spectrometry Approach for the Analysis of Mixtures of Multiply-Charged Ions.Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS · 2025Review
- Does Native Capillary Zone Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry Maintain the Structural Topology of Protein Complexes?Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Structural Analysis of the 20S Proteasome Using Native Mass Spectrometry and Ultraviolet Photodissociation.Journal of proteome research · 2024Article
- Digital Ion Trap Isolation and Mass Analysis of Macromolecular Analytes with Multiply Charged Ion Attachment.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2024Article
- Single-Frequency Ion Parking in a Digital 3D Quadrupole Ion Trap.International journal of mass spectrometry · 2024Article
- Ion parking in native mass spectrometry.The Analyst · 2024Article
- Polyamine detergents tailored for native mass spectrometry studies of membrane proteins.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Emergence of mass spectrometry detergents for membrane proteomics.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Charge reduction reactions are important for native mass spectrometry (nMS) because lower charge states help retain native-like conformations and preserve noncovalent interactions of protein complexes. While mechanisms of charge reduction reactions are not well understood, they are generally achieved through the addition of small molecules, such as polyamines, to traditional nMS buffers. Here, we present new evidence that surface-active, charge reducing reagents carry away excess charge from the droplet after being emitted due to Coulombic repulsion, thereby reducing the overall charge of the droplet. Furthermore, these processes are directly linked to two mechanisms for electrospray ionization, specifically the charge residue and ion evaporation models (CRM and IEM). Selected protein complexes were analyzed in solutions containing ammonium acetate and selected trialkylamines or diaminoalkanes of increasing alkyl chain lengths. Results show that amines with higher surface activity have increased propensities for promoting charge reduction of the protein ions. The electrospray ionization (ESI) emitter potential was also found to be a major contributing parameter to the prevalence of charge reduction; higher emitter potentials consistently coincided with lower average charge states among all protein complexes analyzed. These results offer experimental evidence for the mechanism of charge reduction in ESI and also provide insight into the final stages of the ESI and their impact on biological ions.
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