ReviewJACC. Cardiovascular imaging2022
Evolving Role of Calcium Density in Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk.
Review in JACC. Cardiovascular imaging, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vascular calcification on the risk of kidney stone: a meta-analysis.Renal failure · 2023Pooled it
- Advanced quantitative CT for coronary artery disease: integrating stenosis quantification, plaque quantification, and fractional flow reserve-CT.The British journal of radiology · 2026Review
- AI-Powered Detection of Left Ventricular Myocardial Scar from Dual-Sequence CT: Global and Segmental Prediction Validated by CMR.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Changes in Coronary Artery Calcium Distribution and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Primary Prevention of Dyslipidemia: 10 Practice-Changing Takeaways from the 2026 ACC/AHA Multisociety Guideline.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Is there a role for measuring coronary artery calcium progression in 2026?American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- CT-derived density of intracranial arteriosclerosis: a population-based cohort study.European radiology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Severity of Coronary Artery Calcification Assessed by Low-Dose Computed Tomography in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes With and Without Diabetic Foot: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of diabetes · 2026Article
- Opportunistic Assessment of Coronary Artery Calcium Volume and Density From Non-Electrocardiogram-Gated Chest CT Using Artificial Intelligence: Prognostic Implications in a Screening Cohort.Korean journal of radiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Impact of statins on progression of coronary artery calcium composition and density as assessed by noncontrast CT.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2025Article
- Interplay of menopause, coronary artery calcium score and cardiovascular disease risk.World journal of cardiology · 2025Article
- NaF-PET/CT imaging of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes: Associations with sex and history of cardiovascular events in a 2-year follow-up study.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Article
- Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring on Dedicated Cardiac CT and Noncardiac CT Scans.Radiology. Cardiothoracic imaging · 2025Review
- Applicability of Effective Atomic Number (Zeff) Image Analysis of Coronary Plaques Measured With Photon- Counting Computed Tomography.Investigative radiology · 2025Article
- Beyond Traditional Risk Calculators: The Expanding Role of Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring in Preventive Cardiology.Cureus · 2025Review
- Factors Involved in the Progression of Preclinical Atherosclerosis in People with Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of circ-GALK2 in vascular smooth muscle cell calcification: mechanisms and implications.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Atherosclerosis and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Bedside, Part 2 Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Beyond the Agatston calcium score: role of calcium density and other calcified plaque markers for cardiovascular disease prediction.Current opinion in cardiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a specific marker of coronary atherosclerosis that can be used to measure calcified subclinical atherosclerotic burden. The Agatston method is the most widely used scoring algorithm for quantifying CAC and is expressed as the product of total calcium area and a quantized peak calcium density weighting factor defined by the calcification attenuation in HU on noncontrast computed tomography. Calcium density has emerged as an important area of inquiry because the Agatston score is upweighted based on the assumption that peak calcium density and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk are positively correlated. However, recent evidence demonstrates that calcium density is inversely associated with lesion vulnerability and ASCVD risk in population-based cohorts when accounting for age and plaque area. Here, we review calcium density by focusing on 3 main areas: 1) CAC scan acquisition parameters; 2) pathophysiology of calcified plaques; and 3) epidemiologic evidence relating calcium density to ASCVD outcomes. Through this process, we hope to provide further insight into the evolution of CAC scoring on noncontrast computed tomography.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.