ArticleArchives of sexual behavior2022
Women's Self-Objectification Under Competition When They Believe Sex Is Power.
Article in Archives of sexual behavior, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reframing Self-Objectified Women's Loneliness Experience: The Mediating Roles of Intrasexual Competition and Romantic Interpretation Bias.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Beauty Is Currency: Laywomen's Perceptions of the Social and Instrumental Functions of Physical Attractiveness.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Love Through a Distorted Lens: The Role of Self-Objectification in Interpreting Ambiguous Female-Male Interactions as Romantic among Women.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Who "Feels Sexy" in the Google Books Corpus? Text-Mining Evidence for Gender Differences in Object of Desire Self-Consciousness.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Empowered yet dehumanized: perceptions of women's attractiveness in the context of gender earnings inequality.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Beyond the Mirror: Future Orientation Reduces Self-Objectification.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- High Social Mobility Leads to Delayed Reproduction.Archives of sexual behavior · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Competitions are ubiquitous and their psychological consequences for women have not received sufficient attention. For this research, we tested whether competition, in either work settings or a broader form of competition for resources, would interact with the sex is power belief to result in self-objectification among women. This prediction was confirmed by a series of studies (N = 1416), including correlational studies, a quasi-experiment, and fully controlled experiments, with samples including company employees, MBA students with work experience, college students currently competing in a job market, and Mechanical Turkers. Competition (or a sense of competition) as a feature of the working environment (Study 1), a real state in life (Study 2), or a temporarily activated state (Studies 3-5) resulted in self-objectification among women who believe sex is power (Study 1) or who enter such a mindset (Studies 2-5). This effect further impaired the pursuit of personal growth (Studies 4 and 5).
Indexed as
Identifiers
35861947What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.