ArticleCirculation2022
Disparities in Cardiovascular Mortality Between Black and White Adults in the United States, 1999 to 2019.
Article in Circulation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 112 papers.
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112 citing papers in PubMed, 169 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Integrated hemodynamic and autonomic responses following aerobic versus resistance exercise in young Black men.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Psychosocial Stressors and Heart Failure Risk Among Black Women in the US.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Young Adults in the US.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Racial Disparities in Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair Versus Open Mitral Valve Surgery: A Nationwide Analysis.Cardiology research · 2026Article
- Trends and disparities for co-existent pancreatic cancer and cardiovascular-related deaths: a retrospective 1999-2020 analysis of CDC WONDER data.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Enhancing representation in cardiovascular trials: Lessons from Lp(a)FRONTIERS EXPANSION in United States Black and Hispanic patients with elevated lipoprotein(a) and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Smoke-Free Laws and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in US Counties.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Temporal Trends and Forecasted Cardiac Arrest and Hypertension-Related Mortality in U.S. Adults, 2000-2035: A Nationwide CDC WONDER Multiple Cause-of-Death Study.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Trends in cardiovascular mortality among lung cancer patients in the United States: a retrospective study from 1999 to 2023.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Validating the stress and adversity inventory for adults (Adult STRAIN) among urban middle-aged and older African Americans.Journal of health psychology · 2026Article
- Are Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Effective in the Treatment of Hypertension in Black Patients?CJC open · 2026Review
- Mediation of coronary heart disease risk by genetic, socio-environmental, and lifestyle factors across racial groups.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Tissue-Specific Antioxidant Capacity in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Androgen deprivation therapy, cardiovascular risk, and mortality in black prostate cancer patients: challenging established beliefs?Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2026Article
- Black Parent's Perceptions of Discussing Cardiovascular Disease Risk with Primary Care Clinicians: a Qualitative Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Association of the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and adverse outcomes after noncardiac surgery.British journal of anaesthesia · 2026Article
- Speaking Out: Factors Influencing Black Americans' Engagement in COVID-19 Testing and Research.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Sex differences in molecular pathways underlying cardiovascular health in Black Americans.Research square · 2026Article
52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBlack adults experience a disproportionately higher burden of cardiovascular risk factors and disease in comparison with White adults in the United States. Less is known about how sex-based disparities in cardiovascular mortality between these groups have changed on a national scale over the past 20 years, particularly across geographic determinants of health and residential racial segregation.
methodsWe used CDC WONDER (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) to identify Black and White adults age ≥25 years in the United States from 1999 to 2019. We calculated annual age-adjusted cardiovascular mortality rates (per 100 000) for Black and White women and men, as well as absolute rate differences and rate ratios to compare the mortality gap between these groups. We also examined patterns by US census region, rural versus urban residence, and degree of neighborhood segregation.
resultsFrom 1999 to 2019, age-adjusted mortality rates declined overall for both Black and White adults. There was a decline in age-adjusted cardiovascular mortality among Black (602.1 to 351.8 per 100 000 population) and White women (447.0 to 267.5), and the absolute rate difference (ARD) between these groups decreased over time (1999: ARD, 155.1 [95% CI, 149.9-160.3]; 2019: ARD, 84.3 [95% CI, 81.2-87.4]). These patterns were similar for Black (824.1 to 526.3 per 100 000) and White men (637.5 to 396.0; 1999: ARD, 186.6 [95% CI, 178.6-194.6]; 2019: ARD, 130.3 [95% CI, 125.6-135.0]). Despite this progress, cardiovascular mortality in 2019 was higher for Black women (rate ratio, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.30-1.33])- especially in the younger (age <65 years) subgroup (rate ratio, 2.28 [95% CI, 2.23-2.32])-as well as for Black men (rate ratio, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.32-1.34]), compared with their respective White counterparts. There was regional variation in cardiovascular mortality patterns, and the Black-White gap differed across rural and urban areas. Cardiovascular mortality rates among Black women and men were consistently higher in communities with high levels of racial segregation compared with those with low to moderate levels.
conclusionsDuring the past 2 decades, age-adjusted cardiovascular mortality declined significantly for Black and White adults in the United States, as did the absolute difference in death rates between these groups. Despite this progress, Black women and men continue to experience higher cardiovascular mortality rates than their White counterparts.
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