SynthesisJournal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)2023
Systematic review and meta-analysis of augmentation and combination treatments for early-stage treatment-resistant depression.
Synthesis in Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07737990 (Psilocybin-Assisted Group Integration Psychotherapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression), which is not on this map. Cited by 33 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Psilocybin-Assisted Group Integration Psychotherapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rethinking Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Systematic Review of Novel Therapeutic Strategies and Precision Medicine Approaches.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2025Pooled it
- Glutathione alterations in depression: a meta-analysis and systematic review of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies.Psychopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Placebo effects in randomized trials of pharmacological and neurostimulation interventions for mental disorders: An umbrella review.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of ketamine and esketamine for unipolar and bipolar depression: an overview of systematic reviews with meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Treatment-Resistant Depression as a Heterogeneous Clinical Syndrome: A Personalized Medicine Framework for Diagnostic Reassessment, Suicide Risk, and Mechanism-Based Treatment.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Effect of ketamine intervention on hemodynamic responses in patients with treatment-resistant depression.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- "Attacking" the Gut-Brain Axis with Psychobiotics: An Umbrella Review of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Next-Generation Pharmacotherapy for Depressive Disorders: From Novel Compounds to Optimized Use of Available Drugs.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Second-order morphometric similarity networks predict response to transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in major depressive disorder: a two-center study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Episode-wide Maudsley staging in treatment-resistant depression: a longitudinal tertiary-care comparison of dimensional and categorical outcomes.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Ketamine enantiomers and the gut microbiota: mechanisms, clinical implications, and future directions.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Efficacy and safety of perospirone as adjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder patients with inadequate response to antidepressants: a randomized clinical trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Lithium: Old Drug, New tricks?Current psychiatry reports · 2025Review
- A Survey Exploring People's Experiences With Lithium Bought as a Supplement: Une enquête sur l'expérience des personnes avec le lithium en supplément.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2025Article
- Chronic, combinatorial targeting of NMDARs and 5-HTNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Patient Experience with Intranasal Esketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Insights from a Multicentric Italian Study (REAL-ESKperience).Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Approaches to Tackle the Challenge of Depression That Is Resistant to Treatment-A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- The use of thyroid hormones in the treatment of euthyroid patients with treatment-resistant depression. Data from a survey of 5695 European national endocrine professional organization members.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly burdensome health condition, for which there are numerous accepted pharmacological and psychological interventions. Adjunctive treatment (augmentation/combination) is recommended for the ~50% of MDD patients who do not adequately respond to first-line treatment. We aimed to evaluate the current evidence for concomitant approaches for people with early-stage treatment-resistant depression (TRD; defined below).
methodsWe systematically searched Medline and Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science to identify randomised controlled trials of adjunctive treatment of ⩾10 adults with MDD who had not responded to ⩾1 adequate antidepressant. The cochrane risk of bias (RoB) tool was used to assess study quality. Pre-post treatment meta-analyses were performed, allowing for comparison across heterogeneous study designs independent of comparator interventions.
resultsIn total, 115 trials investigating 48 treatments were synthesised. The mean intervention duration was 9 weeks (range 5 days to 18 months) with most studies assessed to have low (
conclusionsOur findings support cautious optimism for several augmentation strategies; although considering the high prevalence of TRD, evidence remains inadequate for each treatment option.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.