ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
The Hepatoprotective and Hepatotoxic Roles of Sex and Sex-Related Hormones.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Biochemical liver damage during gender affirming therapy in trans adults assigned female at birth: a meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Pooled it
- Ethinylestradiol-Levonorgestrel Bait Impairs Testicular Function, Triggers Germ Cell Apoptosis, and Alters Health Markers in Male Rats: Implications for Wildlife Fertility.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Testosterone and cancers: biological functions, molecular mechanisms and therapy.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Helicobacter pylori infection and liver function alterations in individuals undergoing gastric cancer screening: a cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Liver and Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Peri-Menopausal MASLD.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Dietary-Induced Liver Steatosis and Insulin Receptor-Related Signaling in Aged Mice Lacking Serotonin Transporter.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Impact of acute anorexia nervosa and of short-/long-term recovery after refeeding on the hormonal profiles of activin A, GDF-15 and follistatins.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Diagnostic value of drug withdrawal observation in drug-induced liver injury: A retrospective study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Implications of host sex on liver metabolism duringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and carotid plaque: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Sex-related differences in treatment outcomes of chronic hepatitis C with direct-acting antivirals.World journal of hepatology · 2025Article
- Influence of patient age and sex on drug-induced liver injury caused by antiseizure medications: a disproportionality analysis of VigiBase.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2025Article
- Correlation between gynecomastia and endocrine regulation in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study.World journal of hepatology · 2025Article
- Sex-specific differences in preclinical models of advanced chronic liver disease and portal hypertension.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Liver functions and medication adherence in tuberculosis patients after 6 months of antituberculosis treatment in Indonesia.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- Sex-specific differences in toxicology: does the sex make the poison?Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- FAERS based disproportionality analysis and network pharmacology investigation of taxanes associated drug induced liver injury.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers as Preclinical Markers of Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Impact of Age and Sex.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most liver diseases, including acute liver injury, drug-induced liver injury, viral hepatitis, metabolic liver diseases, and end-stage liver diseases, are strongly linked with hormonal influences. Thus, delineating the clinical manifestation and underlying mechanisms of the "sexual dimorphism" is critical for providing hints for the prevention, management, and treatment of those diseases. Whether the sex hormones (androgen, estrogen, and progesterone) and sex-related hormones (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin) play protective or toxic roles in the liver depends on the biological sex, disease stage, precipitating factor, and even the psychiatric status. Lifestyle factors, such as obesity, alcohol drinking, and smoking, also drastically affect the involving mechanisms of those hormones in liver diseases. Hormones deliver their hepatic regulatory signals primarily
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.