ArticlePeerJ2022
Oral manifestations in young adults infected with COVID-19 and impact of smoking: a multi-country cross-sectional study.
Article in PeerJ, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral health, smoking status, and oral manifestations of adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron outbreak in China: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Oral hygiene influence on the incidence and severity of oral manifestations in Coronavirus Disease 2019.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Oral Lesions, Dysgeusia and Osteonecrosis Related to COVID-19: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Characteristics of Oral Adverse Effects following COVID-19 Vaccination and Similarities with Oral Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients: Taste and Saliva Secretory Disorders.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2025Review
- Cleft lip and palate and periconception COVID-19 infection in five arab countries.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Article
- Oral health manifestations and the perceived quality of life among Saudi children: a cross-sectional study.PeerJ · 2024Article
- Estimating the prevalence of oral manifestations in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2023Article
- A Cross-Sectional Survey on the Use of Tobacco, Attempts on Cessation, and Locus of Control Among College Students.Cureus · 2023Article
- COVID-19 related risk factors and their association with non-syndromic orofacial clefts in five Arab countries: a case-control study.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Individual, familial and country-level factors associated with oral hygiene practices in children: an international survey.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- The Oral Lesion in the COVID-19 Patient: Is It True Oral Manifestation or Not?Infection and drug resistance · 2023Review
- The prevalence of xerostomia among e-cigarette or combustible tobacco users: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- A multi-country study on the impact of sex and age on oral features of COVID-19 infection in adolescents and young adults.BMC oral health · 2022Article
- Oral Health Needs and Barriers among Children in Saudi Arabia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 16 institutions in 14 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Oral manifestations and lesions could adversely impact the quality of people's lives. COVID-19 infection may interact with smoking and the impact on oral manifestations is yet to be discovered. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the self-reported presence of oral lesions by COVID-19-infected young adults and the differences in the association between oral lesions and COVID-19 infection in smokers and non-smokers. Methods: This cross-sectional multi-country study recruited 18-to-23-year-old adults. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data on COVID-19-infection status, smoking and the presence of oral lesions (dry mouth, change in taste, and others) using an online platform. Multi-level logistic regression was used to assess the associations between the oral lesions and COVID-19 infection; the modifying effect of smoking on the associations. Results: Data was available from 5,342 respondents from 43 countries. Of these, 8.1% reported COVID-19-infection, 42.7% had oral manifestations and 12.3% were smokers. A significantly greater percentage of participants with COVID-19-infection reported dry mouth and change in taste than non-infected participants. Dry mouth (AOR=, 9=xxx) and changed taste (AOR=, 9=xxx) were associated with COVID-19- infection. The association between COVID-19-infection and dry mouth was stronger among smokers than non-smokers (AOR = 1.26 and 1.03, Conclusion: Dry mouth and changed taste may be used as an indicator for COVID-19 infection in low COVID-19-testing environments. Smoking may modify the association between some oral lesions and COVID-19-infection.
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