ArticleThe Indian journal of medical research2022
Development & validation of scales to assess stigma related to COVID-19 in India.
Article in The Indian journal of medical research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Scales for Measuring Infectious Disease-Related Stigma.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- The association between Post-COVID syndrome and self-stigma among the adult Israeli population during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2026Observational
- Optimizing nursing services for orthopaedic trauma patients using SERVQUAL and Kano models.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A systematic compilation of rating scales developed, translated, and adapted in India.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2024Review
- Adaption and Validation of Scales to Measure COVID-19 Stigma Attitudes and Perceptions.Stigma and health · 2024Article
- Development and psychometric testing of the Coronavirus Awareness and Preparedness Scale: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Gender differences in COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception, and public stigma among the general community: Findings from a nationwide cross-sectional study in India.International journal of disaster risk reduction : IJDRR · 2023Article
- Addressing stigma in infectious disease outbreaks: a crucial step in pandemic preparedness.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Factors associated with COVID-19 stigma during the onset of the global pandemic in India: A cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
47 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background & objectives: COVID-19 pandemic has triggered social stigma towards individuals affected and their families. This study describes the process undertaken for the development and validation of scales to assess stigmatizing attitudes and experiences among COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 participants from the community. Methods: COVID-19 Stigma Scale and Community COVID-19 Stigma Scale constituting 13 and six items, respectively, were developed based on review of literature and news reports, expert committee evaluation and participants' interviews through telephone for a multicentric study in India. For content validity, 61 (30 COVID-19-recovered and 31 non-COVID-19 participants from the community) were recruited. Test-retest reliability of the scales was assessed among 99 participants (41 COVID-19 recovered and 58 non-COVID-19). Participants were administered the scale at two-time points after a gap of 7-12 days. Cronbach's alpha, overall percentage agreement and kappa statistics were used to assess internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results: Items in the scales were relevant and comprehensible. Both the scales had Cronbach's α above 0.6 indicating moderate-to-good internal consistency. Test-retest reliability assessed using kappa statistics indicated that for the COVID-19 Stigma Scale, seven items had a moderate agreement (0.4-0.6). For the Community COVID-19 Stigma Scale, four items had a moderate agreement. Interpretation & conclusions: Validity and reliability of the two stigma scales indicated that the scales were comprehensible and had moderate internal consistency. These scales could be used to assess COVID-19 stigma and help in the development of appropriate stigma reduction interventions for COVID-19 infected, and mitigation of stigmatizing attitudes in the community.
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