SynthesisProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
A meta-analysis on the evolution of the Lombard effect reveals that amplitude adjustments are a widespread vertebrate mechanism.
Synthesis in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial and spectrotemporal features of noise alter female responses to costly male signals in Cope's gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis).Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2026Article
- Do running frogs (Kassina fusca) exhibit hyperextended variation in the sound pressure level of advertisement calls?Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2026Article
- Robust Doppler Shift Compensation in Freely Flying Bats Under Acoustic Interference.Integrative zoology · 2026Article
- Male grasshoppers (Glyptobothrus maritimus) in roadside habitats have increased stridulatory sound-producing organs.Communications biology · 2026Article
- The effects of background noise and behavioral context on the acoustic characteristics of coo calls in Japanese macaques.Primates; journal of primatology · 2025Article
- Galápagos yellow warblers differ in behavioural plasticity in response to traffic noise depending on proximity to road.Animal behaviour · 2025Article
- Daubenton's bats maintain stereotypical echolocation behaviour and a lombard response during target interception in light.BMC zoology · 2024Article
- Spectrally non-overlapping background noise disturbs echolocation via acoustic masking in the CF-FM bat,Conservation physiology · 2023Article
- Urban sensory conditions alter rival interactions and mate choice in urban and forest túngara frogs.Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral EcologyArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
Animal communication is central to many animal societies, and effective signal transmission is crucial for individuals to survive and reproduce successfully. One environmental factor that exerts selection pressure on acoustic signals is ambient noise. To maintain signal efficiency, species can adjust signals through phenotypic plasticity or microevolutionary response to natural selection. One of these signal adjustments is the increase in signal amplitude, called the Lombard effect, which has been frequently found in birds and mammals. However, the evolutionary origin of the Lombard effect is largely unresolved. Using a phylogenetically controlled meta-analysis, we show that the Lombard effect is also present in fish and amphibians, and contradictory results in the literature can be explained by differences in signal-to-noise ratios among studies. Our analysis also demonstrates that subcortical processes are sufficient to elicit the Lombard effect and that amplitude adjustments do not require vocal learning. We conclude that the Lombard effect is a widespread mechanism based on phenotypic plasticity in vertebrates for coping with changes in ambient noise levels.
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