ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
Disparities in sleep duration among American children: effects of race and ethnicity, income, age, and sex.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toward an idiographic understanding of the role of sleep-mood dynamics in adolescents' internalizing symptoms.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between ADHD Symptom Severity and Sleep Disturbance Using Accelerometer and the Subjective Sleep Disturbance Scale.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- Examining the heritability of actigraphy-assessed and parent-reported sleep duration in a community sample of twins across childhood and adolescence.Sleep medicine · 2026Article
- Friends, family, and community influences on adolescent development: A review of impactful findings from the ABCD study®.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- The Association Between Family Conflict and Child Impulsivity: Child Sleep Problems as a Mechanism.Family process · 2026Article
- Sleep Duration Among US Adolescents, 1991-2023.Pediatrics · 2026Article
- Genetic influences on suicide attempt in adolescence: Evaluating mediation by impulsivity and painful and provocative events.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Food Insecurity and Housing Insecurity Associated With Decreased Sleep Regularity in Adolescents.Academic pediatrics · 2026Article
- School start times and racial disparities in early adolescent sleep.Sleep health · 2026Article
- Neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent sleep health: a longitudinal population-based study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Adolescent circadian sleep health: a review of multimodal assessment strategies and clinical implications.Frontiers in sleep · 2026Review
- A Meta-Analysis of Bi-Directional Associations between Sleep Health and Substance Use among U.S. Youth: Racial/Ethnic Differences.Current addiction reports · 2025Article
- Immigrant Status, Socioeconomic Status, and Sleep Disparities in Early Adolescence: Findings From the National Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2025Article
- Predicting weekday and weekend sleep: Interactions between peers and mothers.Journal of sleep research · 2025Article
- Sleep as a Developmental Process: A Systematic Review of Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Outcomes in Children Aged 6-12 Years.Clocks & sleep · 2025Review
- Using a wearable EEG device to examine age trends in sleep macro- and micro-architecture across adolescence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Signature of Sleep Problems Predicts Preadolescent Mental Health Trajectories.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Changes in Rest-Activity Rhythms in Adolescents as They Age: Associations With Brain and Behavioral Changes in the ABCD Study.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
- The relationship between parenting behavior, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt across two population-based samples of adolescents.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- State-level structural racism and sleep disturbances among Black and Latinx adolescents: Findings from the adolescent brain cognitive development study.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Children in the United States sleep less than the recommended amount and sleep deficiencies may be worse among disadvantaged children. Prior studies that compared sleep time in children of different race/ethnic groups mostly relied on questionnaires or were limited to small sample sizes. Our study takes advantage of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study to compare total sleep time using a week of actigraphy data among American children (n = 4,207, 9 to 13 y old) of different racial/ethnic and income groups. We also assessed the effects of neighborhood deprivation, experience of discrimination, parent's age at child's birth, body mass index (BMI), and time the child fell asleep on sleep times. Daily total sleep time for the sample was 7.45 h and race/ethnicity, income, sex, age, BMI, were all significant predictors of total sleep time. Black children slept less than White children (∼34 min; Cohen's d = 0.95), children from lower income families slept less than those from higher incomes (∼16 min; Cohen's d = 0.44), boys slept less than girls (∼7 min; Cohen's d = 0.18), and older children slept less than younger ones (∼32 min; Cohen's d = 0.91); mostly due to later sleep times. Children with higher BMI also had shorter sleep times. Neither area deprivation index, experience of discrimination, or parent's age at child's birth significantly contributed to sleep time. Our findings indicate that children in the United States sleep significantly less than the recommended amount for healthy development and identifies significant racial and income disparities. Interventions to improve sleep hygiene in children will help improve health and ameliorate racial disparities in health outcomes.
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