ArticlemBio2022
Greater Breadth of Vaccine-Induced Immunity in Females than Males Is Mediated by Increased Antibody Diversity in Germinal Center B Cells.
Article in mBio, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trimester-dependent vertical transmission of H5N1 influenza virus through placental and mammary routes impairs offspring development.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Germinal center-independent memory B cells provide rapid protection from lethal influenza challenges.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
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- Sex Differences in the Impact of Obesity on Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- The X Factor in Immunity: Sex Differences Shaped by the X Chromosome.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- HIV Membrane-Proximal External Region Scaffolded Immunogen as Killed Whole-Cell Genome-Reduced Vaccines.Viruses · 2026Article
- The impact of B-cell reconstitution on mRNA vaccine responses in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Article
- Biological sex differences after high and low doses of influenza A virus infection during obesity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in vaccine-induced immunity in mice immunized with integrase-defective lentiviral vector delivering the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Influenza hemagglutinin and neuraminidase multivalent vaccine elicits broader protective immune responses compared to vaccine formulations composed of hemagglutinin or neuraminidase.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Biological Sex Differences after High and Low Doses of Influenza A Virus Infection in a Diet-induced Obesity Mouse Model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Females with Obesity Exhibit Greater Influenza Vaccine-induced Immunity and Protection than Males in a Mouse Model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Dural ectopic lymphatic structures accumulate during aging and exhibit dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Article
- A 22 month prospective assessment of neutralizing and IgG antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 variants following homologous and heterologous BNT162b2 boosting.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Females with obesity exhibit greater influenza vaccine-induced immunity and protection than males in a mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- PreclinicalFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Sex-based difference in immune responses and efficacy of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2024Article
- Sex Differences during Influenza A Virus Infection and Vaccination and Comparison of Cytokine and Antibody Responses between Plasma and Serum Samples.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Eliciting a single amino acid change by vaccination generates antibody protection against group 1 and group 2 influenza A viruses.Immunity · 2024Article
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19 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Inactivated influenza vaccines induce greater antibody responses in females than males among both humans and mice. To test the breadth of protection, we used recombinant mouse-adapted A/California/2009 (maA/Cal/09) H1N1 viruses containing mutations at one (1M), two (2M), or three (3M) antigenic sites, in addition to a virus containing the 1M mutation and a substitution of the Ca2 antigenic site (Sub) with one derived from an H5 hemagglutinin (HA) to challenge mice of both sexes. Following maA/Cal/09 vaccination, females produced greater virus-specific, class-switched total IgG and IgG2c antibodies against the vaccine and all mutant viruses, and antibodies from females recognized a greater number of unique, linear HA epitopes than did antibodies from males. While females had greater neutralizing antibody titers against the vaccine virus, both sexes showed a lower neutralization capacity against mutant viruses. After virus challenge, vaccinated females had lower pulmonary virus titers and reduced morbidity than males for the 1M and 2M viruses, but not the Sub virus. Females generated greater numbers of germinal center (GC) B cells containing superior somatic hypermutation (SHM) frequencies than vaccinated males. Deletion of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.