ArticleJournal of neurosurgery. Case lessons2021
Successful neurosurgical separation of conjoined spinal cords in pygopagus twins: illustrative cases.
Article in Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pygopagus conjoined twins: A case report and neurosurgical nuances in separation surgery.Surgical neurology international · 2026Article
- Mirror-Image Early-Onset Scoliosis in Omphalopagus Conjoined Twins: A Case Report.JBJS case connector · 2025Article
- Emergency neurosurgical separation of pygopagus conjoined twins in a triplet pregnancy: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2025Article
- Postnatal imaging of conjoined twins: a customized multimodality approach.Pediatric radiology · 2023Review
- Separation of conjoined spinal cords in symmetrical pygopagus twins using intraoperative neuromonitoring: pearls and pitfalls.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2023Article
- Successful separation of male pygopagus with anal canal and urethral reconstruction: a case report.Surgical case reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConjoined twins represent a rare congenital malformation. Pygopagus twins are fused at the sacrum and perineum, with union of the spine. The authors report a successful separation of a unique case of pygopagus twins sharing a U-shaped spinal cord, which the authors identified through aberrant nerves by intraoperative physiological spinal root examination. OBSERVATIONS: The 6-month-old male pygopagus conjoined twins, who were diagnosed in the prenatal period, underwent separation. They had a single dural sac containing a U-shaped continuous spinal cord; their filum terminale appeared completely fused and the anatomical border of the spinal cord was not distinguishable. A triggered electromyogram (tEMG) was used on each nerve root to determine which belonged to one twin versus the other, to detect nerve cross, and to identify functional midline cleavage. Finally, the twins were separated after spinal division. Both twins recovered uneventfully with no lower limb neurological deficits or walking impairment for 16 months. LESSONS: Pygopagus twins with a conjoined spinal cord are very rare, but a good long-term functional prognosis can be expected with successful separation. Intraoperative tEMG is useful in spinal separation surgery for twins with a conjoined spinal cord.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.