Observational studyJournal of the National Cancer Institute2022
Systemic or Vaginal Hormone Therapy After Early Breast Cancer: A Danish Observational Cohort Study.
Observational study in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaginal estrogen therapy for treatment of menopausal genitourinary syndrome among breast cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2025Pooled it
- Measuring serum oestrogen levels in breast cancer survivors using vaginal oestrogens: a systematic review.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review of randomised clinical trials - The safety of vaginal hormones and selective estrogen receptor modulators for the treatment of genitourinary menopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors.Post reproductive health · 2023Pooled it
- Reassessing the Neoplasm Signal with Fezolinetant: Regulatory Inference, Mechanistic Plausibility, and the Case for Proactive Pharmacovigilance.Drug safety · 2026Review
- Article
- Survival Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients With Use of Vaginal Estrogen Therapy: A SEER Analysis.JCO oncology practice · 2026Article
- Case-Based Perspectives on the Management of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause.Clinics and practice · 2026Review
- Treating Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause in Postmenopausal Women with a History of Breast Cancer.Drugs & aging · 2026Review
- Network analysis of symptom clusters among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Sexual function in chronic illness and cancer perspectives of the patient, partner, and healthcare provider; innovations; and updates: recommendations from the Fifth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2024).Sexual medicine reviews · 2026Review
- Treatment patterns for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: a TriNetX analysis.The Canadian journal of urology · 2025Article
- Vaginal Estrogen Utilization Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Management of menopausal symptoms following treatment for hormone receptor positive breast cancer.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025Article
- Addressing the Needs of Breast Cancer Survivors.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Sexual health in cancer care: a narrative review and position statement from the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM).ESMO open · 2025Review
- Effects of vaginal estrogen on serum estradiol during aromatase inhibitor therapy in breast cancer patients with vulvovaginal atrophy: a prospective trial.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- Genitourinary symptoms in women with breast cancer: frequency, severity and impact.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Article
- Fear of Disease Progression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Construction and Validation of a Nomogram Prediction Model.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Vaginal health in breast cancer survivors: a practical clinical approach.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Review
- Inequalities in hormone replacement therapy prescribing in UK primary care: population based cohort study.BMJ medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWomen treated for breast cancer (BC) often suffer genitourinary syndrome of menopause. These symptoms may be alleviated by vaginal estrogen therapy (VET) or menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). However, there are concerns of risks of recurrence of BC and death following treatment.
methodsOur study included longitudinal data from a national cohort of postmenopausal women, diagnosed 1997-2004 with early-stage invasive estrogen receptor-positive nonmetastatic BC, who received no treatment or 5 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy. We ascertained prescription data on hormone therapy, VET or MHT, from a national prescription registry. We evaluated mortality and risk of recurrence associated with use of VET and MHT vs non-use using multivariable models adjusted for potential confounders.
resultsAmong 8461 women who had not received VET or MHT before BC diagnosis, 1957 and 133 used VET and MHT, respectively, after diagnosis. Median follow-up was 9.8 years for recurrence and 15.2 years for mortality. The adjusted relative risk of recurrence was 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89 to 1.32) for VET (1.39 [95% CI = 1.04 to 1.85 in the subgroup receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitors]) and 1.05 (95% CI = 0.62 to 1.78) for MHT. The adjusted hazard ratios for overall mortality were 0.78 (95% CI = 0.71 to 0.87) and 0.94 (95% CI = 0.70 to 1.26) for VET and MHT, respectively.
conclusionsIn postmenopausal women treated for early-stage estrogen receptor-positive BC, neither VET nor MHT was associated with increased risk of recurrence or mortality. A subgroup analysis revealed an increased risk of recurrence, but not mortality, in patients receiving VET with adjuvant aromatase inhibitors.
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