Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35854248›Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2022

Healthcare utilization, costs, and productivity losses in treatment-resistant depression in Finland - a matched cohort study.

Heidi Taipale, Markku Lähteenvuo, Antti Tanskanen, Saara Huoponen, Saara Rannanpää, Jari Tiihonen

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Rethinking the Treatment-Resistant Depression.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Heidi TaipaleDepartment of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Niuvankuja 65, 70240, Kuopio, Finland. heidi.taipale@ki.se.
Markku LähteenvuoDepartment of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Niuvankuja 65, 70240, Kuopio, Finland.
Antti TanskanenDepartment of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Niuvankuja 65, 70240, Kuopio, Finland.
Saara HuoponenJanssen Cilag, PL 15, 02621, Espoo, Finland.
Saara RannanpääJanssen Cilag, PL 15, 02621, Espoo, Finland.
Jari TiihonenDepartment of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Niuvankuja 65, 70240, Kuopio, Finland.
University of Eastern Finland · FIKarolinska Institutet · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDue to its relatively high prevalence and recurrent nature, depression causes a major burden on healthcare systems, societies and individuals. Our objective was to investigate healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) compared with non-treatment-resistant depression in Finland.

methodsOf all patients aged 16-65 years and diagnosed with depression in Finland during 2004-2016, persons with TRD (N = 15,405) were identified from nationwide registers and matched 1:1 with comparison persons with depression who initiated antidepressant use but did not have TRD at the time of matching. TRD was defined as initiation of a third treatment trial after having failed two pharmacological treatment trials. Follow-up period covered 5 years after TRD or corresponding matching date (until end of 2018). Health care resource utilization was studied with negative binomial regression and costs of TRD (per patient per year) with generalized estimating equations, by adjusting for baseline costs, comorbidity and baseline severity of depression.

resultsPersons with TRD (mean age 38.7, SD 13.1, 60.0% women) had more health care utilization and work disability (sick leaves and disability pensions), adjusted incidence rate ratio for work disability days was 1.72 (95% CI 1.64-1.80). This resulted in 1.9-fold higher total costs for persons with TRD (15,907 versus 8335 EUR), adjusted mean difference 7572 (95% CI 7215-7929) EUR per patient per year, higher productivity losses (due to sick leaves and disability pensions, mean difference 5296, 95% CI 5042-5550), and direct healthcare costs (2003, 95% CI 1853-2151) compared with non-TRD patients. Mean difference was the highest during the first year after TRD (total costs difference 11,760, 95% CI 11,314-12,206) and the difference decreased gradually after that.

conclusionTreatment-resistant depression is associated with about two-fold cost burden compared with non-treatment-resistant depression.

Indexed as

Depressive Disorder, Treatment-ResistantEfficiencyHealth Care CostsPatient Acceptance of Health CareAdolescentAdultAgedCohort StudiesFemaleFinlandHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultAntidepressantCostsEconomic burdenMajor depressive disorderTreatment-resistant depression

Identifiers

PMID35854248
PMCPMC9297555
OpenAlexW4285793384

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.