ArticleScientific reports2022
Activation function 1 of progesterone receptor is required for mammary development and regulation of RANKL during pregnancy.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dissociation of Murine Mammary Gland and Tumor Tissues to Create Highly Viable Single-Cell Suspensions.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2026Article
- Ligand-Dependent and -Independent Functions of Activation Function 1 of Progesterone Receptor in Genome-Wide Gene Regulation and in Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Role of DCAF8 in Mammary Ductal Elongation and Branching Morphogenesis.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2026Article
- Structural proteomics defines a sequential priming mechanism for the progesterone receptor.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The High Level of RANKL Improves IκB/p65/Cyclin D1 Expression and Decreases p-Stat5 Expression in Firm Udder of Dairy Goats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PGR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. It is critical for mammary stem cells expansion, mammary ductal branching and alveologenesis. The transcriptional activity of PGR is mainly mediated by activation functions AF1 and AF2. Although the discovery of AF1 and AF2 propelled the understanding of the mechanism of gene regulation by nuclear receptors, their physiological roles are still poorly understood. This is largely due to the lack of suitable genetic models. The present study reports gain or loss of AF1 function mutant mouse models in the study of mammary development. The gain of function mutant AF1_QQQ exhibits hyperactivity while the loss of function mutant AF1_FFF shows hypoactivity on mammary development. However, the involvement of AF1 is context dependent. Whereas the AF1_FFF mutation causes significant impairment in mammary development during pregnancy or in response to estrogen and progesterone, it has no effect on mammary development in nulliparous mice. Furthermore, Rankl, but not Wnt4 and Areg is a major target gene of AF1. In conclusion, PGR AF1 is a pivotal ligand-dependent activation domain critical for mammary development during pregnancy and it exerts gene specific effect on PGR regulated genes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.