ReviewSignal transduction and targeted therapy2022
Alveolar macrophages: Achilles' heel of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Review in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Identifying and profiling structural similarities between Spike of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral or host proteins with Machaon.Communications biology · 2023Pooled it
- Mitochondrial reprogramming of alveolar macrophages by umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells restores immune homeostasis inMaterials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Pro-Inflammatory Vicious Cycle-Normalizing Biomimetic Nanoparticles to Treat Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- The cell with many faces: lung macrophage plasticity and function in response to environmental and pathogenic insults.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the derived dodecapeptide function as Toll-like receptor 4 antagonists in acute lung injury.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Continuous antiretroviral therapy induces progressive senescence-like reprogramming of alveolar macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Respiratory epithelial cells as central mediators of immune crosstalk in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Understanding of endo/lysosomal escape of nanomaterials in biomedical application.Smart molecules : open access · 2025Review
- UHRF1 restricts HCoV-229E infection through epigenetic silencing of the viral receptor APN.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Unlocking the potential of remdesivir: innovative approaches to drug delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Investigating alveolar macrophages in an human ex vivo precision-cut lung slice model of SARS-CoV-2 infection using Raman spectroscopy-A case study.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Biomimetic magnetobacterial microrobots for active pneumonia therapy.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Monitoring Macrophage Polarization in Infectious Disease, Lesson From SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Reviews in medical virology · 2025Review
- Impaired inflammatory resolution with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in leptin knock out obese hamster.iScience · 2025Article
- UltradilutedDiseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection at the extremes of age: decipher the ominous tales of immune vulnerability.Advanced biotechnology · 2025Review
- Macrophage‑driven pathogenesis in acute lung injury/acute respiratory disease syndrome: Harnessing natural products for therapeutic interventions (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Lysosomal "TRAP": a neotype modality for clearance of viruses and variants.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Immunity and Coagulation in COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with Human Target Cells-A Metabolic View.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused more than 6.3 million deaths to date. Despite great efforts to curb the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccines and neutralizing antibodies are in the gloom due to persistent viral mutations and antiviral compounds face challenges of specificity and safety. In addition, vaccines are unable to treat already-infected individuals, and antiviral drugs cannot be used prophylactically. Therefore, exploration of unconventional strategies to curb the current pandemic is highly urgent. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) residing on the surface of alveoli are the first immune cells that dispose of alveoli-invading viruses. Our findings demonstrate that M1 AMs have an acidic endosomal pH, thus favoring SARS-CoV-2 to leave endosomes and release into the cytosol where the virus initiates replication; in contrast, M2 AMs have an increased endosomal pH, which dampens the viral escape and facilitates delivery of the virus for lysosomal degradation. In this review, we propose that AMs are the Achilles' heel of SARS-CoV-2 infection and that modulation of the endosomal pH of AMs has the potential to eliminate invaded SARS-CoV-2; the same strategy might also be suitable for other lethal respiratory viruses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.