ArticlePLoS biology2022
Sheltering of deleterious mutations explains the stepwise extension of recombination suppression on sex chromosomes and other supergenes.
Article in PLoS biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 45 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Convergent evolution of sex chromosomes in two palm species, Phoenix dactylifera and Kerriodoxa elegans.Annals of botany · 2025Article
- Origin and evolutionary trajectories of brown algal sex chromosomes.Nature ecology & evolution · 2025Article
- QTL identification and characterization of the recombination landscape of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae).G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Introgression dynamics of sex-linked chromosomal inversions shape the Malawi cichlid radiation.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- The fourspine stickleback (Apeltes quadracus) has an XY sex chromosome system with polymorphic inversions on both X and Y chromosomes.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Sex chromosome evolution in haploid plants: Microchromosomes, disappearing chromosomes, and giant chromosomes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Review
- Genetic differentiation in the MAT-proximal region is not sufficient for suppressing recombination in Podospora anserina.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- The long and short of hyperdivergent regions.Trends in genetics : TIG · 2025Review
- Retraction: Sheltering of deleterious mutations explains the stepwise extension of recombination suppression on sex chromosomes and other supergenes.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Editorial Note: How sex chromosomes get trapped into nonrecombination.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Genomic Islands of Divergence Between Drosophila yakuba Subspecies are Predominantly Driven by Chromosomal Inversions and the Recombination Landscape.Molecular ecology · 2025Article
- Evolution and regulation of animal sex chromosomes.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025Review
- Rapid Sex Chromosome Turnover in African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus) and the Origins of New Sex Chromosomes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Chromosome-scale Reference Genome and RAD-based Genetic Map of Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) Reveal Putative Structural Variation and QTL Associated With Invader Traits.Genome biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Complex Genomic Landscape of Inversion Polymorphism in Europe's Most Destructive Forest Pest.Genome biology and evolution · 2024Article
- ZW sex chromosome structure in Amborella trichopoda.Nature plants · 2024Article
- Sex Chromosome Evolution: Hallmarks and Question Marks.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Review
- Random epigenetic inactivation of the X-chromosomal HaMSter gene causes sex ratio distortion in persimmon.Nature plants · 2024Article
- The genetic architecture of the load linked to dominant and recessive self-incompatibility alleles ineLife · 2024Article
- Consequences of partially recessive deleterious genetic variation for the evolution of inversions suppressing recombination between sex chromosomes1.Evolution; international journal of organic evolution · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2025-03-27Concerns/Issues about Methods · Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Investigation by Third Party · Objections by Author(s) · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions · · See also: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.568803v1; See also: https://academic.oup.com/evolut/article/78/12/1891/7821046; See also: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.18.624013v2
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Many organisms have sex chromosomes with large nonrecombining regions that have expanded stepwise, generating "evolutionary strata" of differentiation. The reasons for this remain poorly understood, but the principal hypotheses proposed to date are based on antagonistic selection due to differences between sexes. However, it has proved difficult to obtain empirical evidence of a role for sexually antagonistic selection in extending recombination suppression, and antagonistic selection has been shown to be unlikely to account for the evolutionary strata observed on fungal mating-type chromosomes. We show here, by mathematical modeling and stochastic simulation, that recombination suppression on sex chromosomes and around supergenes can expand under a wide range of parameter values simply because it shelters recessive deleterious mutations, which are ubiquitous in genomes. Permanently heterozygous alleles, such as the male-determining allele in XY systems, protect linked chromosomal inversions against the expression of their recessive mutation load, leading to the successive accumulation of inversions around these alleles without antagonistic selection. Similar results were obtained with models assuming recombination-suppressing mechanisms other than chromosomal inversions and for supergenes other than sex chromosomes, including those without XY-like asymmetry, such as fungal mating-type chromosomes. However, inversions capturing a permanently heterozygous allele were found to be less likely to spread when the mutation load segregating in populations was lower (e.g., under large effective population sizes or low mutation rates). This may explain why sex chromosomes remain homomorphic in some organisms but are highly divergent in others. Here, we model a simple and testable hypothesis explaining the stepwise extensions of recombination suppression on sex chromosomes, mating-type chromosomes, and supergenes in general.
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