SynthesisAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2022
Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review/meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19: The Course, Vaccination and Immune Response in People with Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review/meta-analysis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Vaccine-Induced Humoral and Cellular Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Multiple Sclerosis Patients on Ocrelizumab.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Review
- Humoral and Cellular Immunity After Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Interferon Beta and Dimethyl Fumarate.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity of three-dose COVID-19 vaccines in people living with multiple sclerosis.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- Harnessing cellular immunity for next-generation vaccines against respiratory viruses: mechanisms, platforms, and optimization strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- COVID-19 vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis: what you need to know - a review.Health science reports · 2024Article
- COVID-19 and multiple sclerosis: challenges and lessons for patient care.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Review
- Article
- Association between antibody responses post-vaccination and severe COVID-19 outcomes in Scotland.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- Safety and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines Among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Letter to Editor.International journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Multiple Sclerosis and COVID-19: An Overview on Risk, Severity, and Association With Disease Modifying Therapies.Neuroscience insights · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection in ozanimod-treated participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2023Article
- Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection in a prospective cohort of children with neuroinflammatory diseases.European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and the Pandemic-Related Aspects in Pediatric Demyelinating Disorders.Seminars in pediatric neurology · 2023Review
- Breakthrough COVID-19 infection in people with MS after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: Should we still be concerned?Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Article
- An update on the use of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis.Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · 2023Review
- The impact of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionResponses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with MS (pwMS) varies by disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). We perform a meta-analysis and systematic review of immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in pwMS.
methodsTwo independent reviewers searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase from January 1, 2019-December 31, 2021, excluding prior SARS-CoV-2 infections. The meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines were applied. The data were pooled using a fixed-effects model.
resultsEight-hundred sixty-four healthy controls and 2203 pwMS from 31 studies were included. Antibodies were detected in 93% healthy controls (HCs), and 77% pwMS, with >93% responses in all DMTs (interferon-beta, glatiramer acetate, cladribine, natalizumab, dimethyl fumarate, alemtuzumab, and teriflunomide) except for 72% sphingosine-1-phosphate modulators (S1PM) and 44% anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). T-cell responses were detected in most anti-CD20 and decreased in S1PM. Higher antibody response was observed in mRNA vaccines (99.7% HCs) versus non-mRNA vaccines (HCs: 72% inactivated virus; pwMS: 86% vector, 59% inactivated virus). A multivariate logistic regression model to predict vaccine response demonstrated that mRNA versus non-mRNA vaccines had a 3.4 odds ratio (OR) for developing immunity in anti-CD20 (p = 0.0052) and 7.9 OR in pwMS on S1PM or CD20 mAbs (p < 0.0001). Antibody testing timing did not affect antibody detection.
conclusionAntibody responses are decreased in S1PM and anti-CD20; however, cellular responses were positive in most anti-CD20 with decreased T cell responses in S1PM. mRNA vaccines had increased seroconversion rates compared to non-RNA vaccines. Further investigation in how DMTs affect vaccine immunity are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.