ArticleCurrent medical research and opinion2022
Racial/ethnic disparities in the enrollment of Medication Therapy Management programs among Medicare beneficiaries with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
Article in Current medical research and opinion, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Machine learning evaluation of racial and ethnic inclusion under alternative cost-based approaches to Medicare Medication Therapy Management eligibility.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
- Receipt of Medicare Part D comprehensive medication reviews in older adults with dementia.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2025Article
- Inequalities in the Quality and Safety of Post-Diagnostic Primary Care for People With Dementia: A Scoping Review.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2024Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities related to the Medicare Part D Medication Therapy Management Program.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2024Article
- Inherent Bias in Electronic Health Records: A Scoping Review of Sources of Bias.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Mapping racial and ethnic healthcare disparities for persons living with dementia: A scoping review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Disparity implications of machine-learning-based MTM eligibility criteria.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhAArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePrevious analysis of policy scenarios reported potential disparities in eligibility in the Medicare Medication Therapy Management (MTM) program. With recently released MTM data, this study aimed to determine if racial/ethnic disparities exist in MTM enrollment among Medicare beneficiaries with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).
methodsMedicare claims/records (from 2013-2014 and 2016-2017) linked to the Area Health Resources File were examined. Included individuals were patients with ADRD and diabetes, hypertension or hyperlipidemia. The proportions of MTM enrollment were compared between non-Hispanic White (White) patients and racial/ethnic minority groups in descriptive analysis. Racial/ethnic disparities were then examined using a logistic regression adjusting for patient and community characteristics. Disparities across study periods were compared by estimating a logistic regression model with interaction terms between dummy variables for each racial/ethnic minority group and 2016-2017.
resultsIn unadjusted analyses, minorities had higher enrollment proportions than Whites. In 2016-2017, for example, enrollment percentages for Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, Asian/Pacific Islanders (Asians) and Others were respectively 14.44%, 16.71%, 19.83%, 16.66%, and 17.78%. In adjusted analyses, Blacks had lower enrollment odds than Whites within all cohorts. In the entire study sample in 2016-2017, for example, Blacks with ADRD had 9% lower odds of MTM enrollment (odds ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.86-0.97) than Whites. These disparities decreased over time among the ADRD sample and all sub-groups. The interaction term between Blacks and 2016-2017, for instance, indicated that disparities were lowered by 11% (odds ratio 1.11, 95% CI = 1.05-1.16) across study periods among those with ADRD.
conclusionsBlacks with ADRD, and diabetes, hypertension or hyperlipidemia have lower likelihood of MTM enrollment than Whites. Racial disparities were reduced over time but not eliminated.
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Registered trials
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