ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2023
Association between thyroid function and comorbid anxiety in first-episode and drug naïve patients with major depressive disorder.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Could thyrotropin serum level characterize major depressive disorder phenotype? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Pooled it
- Heterogeneity of composite inflammatory markers in acute schizophrenia: stratification by age, gender, and age at onset.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Serum Levels of IFN-γ and NGF as Potential Biomarkers of Depressive Disorders.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2026Article
- Exploring the interaction effects of subclinical hypothyroidism and major depressive disorder on brain networks.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Serum levels of thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and their association with anxiety in environmentally exposed populations in Kazakhstan.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Sex-modulated association between thyroid stimulating hormone and informant-perceived anxiety in non-depressed older adults: Prediction models and relevant cutoff value.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The incidence and influencing factors of recent suicide attempts in major depressive disorder patients comorbid with moderate-to-severe anxiety: a large-scale cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Association Between Body Mass Index and Comorbid Anxiety in First-Episode and Drug Naïve Patients With Major Depressive Disorder.Depression and anxiety · 2025Article
- Article
- Elevated thyroid stimulating hormone and metabolic syndrome risk in patients with first-episode and drug-naïve major depressive disorder: a large-scale cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Gender differences in prevalence and clinical correlates of anxiety in first-episode and drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder comorbid with metabolic syndrome.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Anxious Depression in Major Depressive Disorder: Key Influences and Prevalence in Chinese Hospitalized Patients.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Article
- Gender differences in risk factors for suicide attempts among young, first-episode and drug-naive major depressive disorder patients with anxiety symptoms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Review
- Thyroid function, renal function, and depression: an association study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Prevalence and correlates of severe anxiety in patients with first hospitalization for major depressive disorder combined with dyslipidemia: a large sample cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveExisting studies have shown that thyroid dysfunction is associated with depression. However, its role in major depressive disorder (MDD) with comorbid anxiety remains unclear. The main purpose of this study was to compare thyroid function in a large sample of first episode drug naïve (FEDN) MDD patients with and without anxiety.
methodsThis cross-sectional study examined 1718 outpatients who were drug-naïve and diagnosed as MDD at first episode. Socio-demographic and clinical data, as well as thyroid function-related parameters, including free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin (TGAb), were evaluated. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) and the positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to evaluate depressive, anxiety and psychotic symptoms, respectively.
resultsCompared to MDD patients without anxiety, MDD patients with anxiety were more likely to have more suicide attempts and psychotic symptoms, as well as higher serum levels of TSH, TPOAb and TGAb (all p < 0.001). Among patients with abnormally elevated serum TSH, TPOAb, and TGAb, 83.5% (872/1044), 89.3% (391/438) and 89.6% (266/297) had comorbid anxiety disorders, respectively. The odds ratio between patients with comorbid and without comorbid anxiety was 1.657 (95% CI 1.304-2.105) for elevated TSH levels, 1.943 (95% CI 1.444-2.613) for elevated TGAb levels, and 2.448 (95% CI 1.760-3.403) for elevated TPOAb levels. Furthermore, multivariable linear analysis showed that elevated TSH and TGAb were significant predictors of anxiety in MDD patients.
conclusionsOur results suggest that comorbid anxiety in FEDN MDD patients is positively associated with elevated TSH and TGAb levels, which may be promising biomarkers of comorbid anxiety in MDD patients. Clinical treatment of impaired thyroid function may be useful for comorbid anxiety in MDD patients.
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