Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35851589›Full record

ArticleJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2022

Associations between frailty trajectories and cardiovascular, renal, and mortality outcomes in chronic kidney disease.

Thomas J Wilkinson, Joanne Miksza, Francesco Zaccardi, Claire Lawson, Andrew C Nixon, Hannah M L Young, Kamlesh Khunti, Alice C Smith

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06875024 (A Series of Studies on Influencing Factors and Intelligent Intervention Programs for Hospitalized Elderly People With Frailty), which is not on this map. Cited by 53 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06875024 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

A Series of Studies on Influencing Factors and Intelligent Intervention Programs for Hospitalized Elderly People With Frailty

TypeinterventionalSponsorNational Taipei University of Nursing and Health SciencesRan2025 to 2026Enrolled156ConditionsFrailty in Older AdultsArmsIntelligent intervention programs
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Across the Spectrum of Frailty.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Thomas J WilkinsonNIHR Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands, Leicester Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester, UK.
Joanne MikszaDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Francesco ZaccardiLeicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Claire LawsonDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Andrew C NixonLancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK.
Hannah M L YoungLeicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
Kamlesh KhuntiNIHR Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands, Leicester Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester, UK.
Alice C SmithLeicester Kidney Lifestyle Team, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
University of Leicester · GBNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre · GBLancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust · GB

Funding

Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, University of LeicesterNIHR Applied Research Collaboration East MidlandsNIHR Development and Skills Enhancement AwardNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research CentreStoneygate Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFrailty is characterized by the loss of biological reserves and vulnerability to adverse outcomes. In individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), numerous pathophysiological factors may be responsible for frailty development including inflammation, physical inactivity, reduced energy intake, and metabolic acidosis. Given that both CKD and frailty incur a significant healthcare burden, it is important to understand the relationship of CKD and frailty in real-world routine clinical practice, and how simple frailty assessment methods (e.g. frailty indexes) may be useful. We investigated the risk of frailty development in CKD and the impact of frailty status on mortality and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).

methodsA retrospective cohort study using primary care records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Hospital Episode Statistics and the UK Office for National Statistics was undertaken in 819 893 participants aged ≥40 years, of which 140 674 had CKD. Frailty was defined using an electronic frailty index, generated electronically from primary care records. Cox proportional hazard and flexible parametric survival models were used to investigate the risk of developing frailty and the effect of frailty on risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and ESKD.

resultsThe mean age of those with CKD was 77.5 (SD 9.7) years [61.0 (SD 12.1) years in no-CKD group]; 62.0% of the CKD group were female (compared with 53.3% in no-CKD group). The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate of those with CKD was 46.1 (SD 9.9) mL/min/1.73 m

conclusionsFrailty is highly prevalent and associated with adverse outcomes in people with CKD, including mortality and risk of ESKD. Preventative interventions should be initiated to mitigate the development of frailty. The use of a simple frailty index, generated electronically from health records, can predict outcomes and may aid prioritization for management of people with frailty.

Indexed as

FrailtyKidney Failure, ChronicRenal Insufficiency, ChronicAgedDisease ProgressionFemaleGlomerular Filtration RateHumansMaleRetrospective StudiesChronic kidney diseaseDialysisEpidemiologyFrailtyMortality

Identifiers

PMID35851589
PMCPMC9530530
OpenAlexW4285798478

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.