ReviewNeurology2022
Black Patients Matter in Neurology: Race, Racism, and Race-Based Neurodisparities.
Review in Neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Disparities in Access to Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease and Proposed Interventions: A Literature Review.Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Addressing the Global Disparities in Access to Treatment in Spinal Muscular Atrophy.Muscle & nerve · 2026Review
- Racial disparities in multiple sclerosis quality of care metrics.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Equity in Neurotoxicity Care in the Era of Cancer Immunotherapy.Seminars in neurology · 2026Article
- Pragmatic trial design enhances diversity and retention among research participants with Lewy body diseases.NPJ dementia · 2026Article
- Health disparities in neurology.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Exploring deep brain stimulation willingness in Black individuals with Parkinson's disease.Equity neuroscience · 2025Article
- Hallmarks of primary headache: part 2- Tension-type headache.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- ARTS is associated with vascular risk factors, MCI, dementia, and stroke.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Severe flooding and cause-specific hospitalisation among older adults in the USA: a retrospective matched cohort analysis.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2025Article
- Embodiment of structural racism and multiple sclerosis risk and outcomes in the USA.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Article
- Race and ethnicity matter! Moving Parkinson's risk research towards diversity and inclusiveness.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- Race-Ethnicity, Rurality, and Age in Prospective Preferences and Concerns Regarding Closed-Loop Implanted Neural Devices.The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Social determinants of health and health-related quality of life in individuals with isolated dystonia.Dystonia (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- From mental health detention to health systems reform: Co-producing policy and practice recommendations with Black men, their communities, and health and social care professionals.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Culturally Centered Palliative Care: A Framework for Equitable Neurocritical Care.Neurocritical care · 2024Review
- Assessment of disability and disease burden in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in the CIRCLES Cohort.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Confronting Alzheimer's Disease Risk in Women: A Feasibility Study of Memory Screening as Part of the Annual Gynecological Well-Woman Visit.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Black people living in the United States suffer disproportionate morbidity and mortality across a wide range of neurologic conditions. Despite common conceptions to the contrary, "race" is a socially defined construct with little genetic validity. Therefore, racial health inequities in neurology ("neurodisparities") are not a consequence of biologic differences between races. Instead, racism and associated social determinants of health are the root of neurodisparities. To date, many neurologists have neglected racism as a root cause of neurologic disease, further perpetuating the problem. Structural racism, largely ignored in current neurologic practice and policy, drives neurodisparities through mediators such as excessive poverty, inferior health insurance, and poorer access to neurologic and preventative care. Interpersonal racism (implicit or explicit) and associated discriminatory practices in neurologic research, workforce advancement, and medical education also exacerbate neurodisparities. Neurologists cannot fulfill their professional and ethical responsibility to care for Black patients without understanding how racism, not biologic race, drives neurodisparities. In our review of race, racism, and race-based disparities in neurology, we highlight the current literature on neurodisparities across a wide range of neurologic conditions and focus on racism as the root cause. We discuss why all neurologists are ethically and professionally obligated to actively promote measures to counteract racism. We conclude with a call for actions that should be implemented by individual neurologists and professional neurologic organizations to mitigate racism and work towards health equity in neurology.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.