ArticleBrain stimulation
Repeated motor cortex theta-burst stimulation produces persistent strengthening of corticospinal motor output and durable spinal cord structural changes in the rat.
Article in Brain stimulation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Magnetic NeuroRing: a portable adaptive brain-computer interface for real-time transcranial magnetic stimulation in post-stroke motor rehabilitation.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Article
- Sensory Entrained TMS (seTMS) enhances motor cortex plasticity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Transcranial Optogenetic Stimulation Promotes Corticospinal Tract Axon Regeneration to Repair Spinal Cord Injury by Activating the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway.Neurospine · 2025Article
- A cell type-specific mechanism driving the rapid antidepressant effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury: Current Status and Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Combined biomaterial scaffold and neuromodulation strategy to promote tissue repair and corticospinal connectivity after spinal cord injury in a rodent model.Experimental neurology · 2024Article
- Molecular signaling predicts corticospinal axon growth state and muscle response plasticity induced by neuromodulation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Effects of noninvasive neuromodulation targeting the spinal cord on early learning of force control by the digits.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Intermittent theta burst stimulation for negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trail.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Time dependent changes in protein expression induced by intermittent theta burst stimulation in a cell line.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Boosting corticospinal system synaptic plasticity to recover motor functions.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
- Effects of motor cortex neuromodulation on the specificity of corticospinal tract spinal axon outgrowth and targeting in rats.Brain stimulationArticle
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe strength of connections between motor cortex (MCX) and muscle can be augmented with a variety of stimulation protocols. Augmenting MCX-to-muscle connection strength by neuromodulation may be a way to enhance the intact motor system's capacity for acquiring motor skills and promote function after injury to strengthen spared connections. But this enhancement must be maintained for functional improvements.
objectiveWe determined if brief MCX muscle evoked potential (MEP) enhancement produced by single-block intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) can be converted into a longer and structurally durable form of response enhancement with repeated daily and longer-term application.
methodsElectrical iTBS was delivered through an implanted MCX epidural electrode and MEPs were recorded using implanted EMG electrodes in awake naïve rats. MCX activity was modulated further using chemogenetic (DREADDs) excitation and inhibition. Corticospinal tract (CST) axons were traced and immunochemistry used to measure CST synapses.
resultsA single MCX iTBS block (600 pulses) produced MEP LTP lasting ∼30-45 min. Concatenating five iTBS blocks within a 30-min session produced MEP LTP lasting 24-48 h, which could be strengthened or weakened by bidirectional MCX activity modulation. Effect duration was not changed. Finally, daily induction of this persistent MEP LTP with daily iTBS for 10-days produced MEP enhancement outlasting the stimulation period by at least 10 days, and accompanied by CST axonal outgrowth and structural changes at the CST-spinal interneuron synapse.
conclusionOur findings inform the mechanisms of iTBS and provide a framework for designing neuromodulatory strategies to promote durable enhancement of cortical motor actions.
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