ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2022
How the Gender Wage Gap for Primary Care Physicians Differs by Compensation Approach : A Microsimulation Study.
Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Re: The Gender Wage Gap Among Early-Career Family Physicians.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM · 2025Article
- Physician Experience of Discrimination in a Leadership and Well-Being Program.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM · 2025Article
- Gender Differences in Primary Care Physician Earnings and Outcomes Under Medicare Advantage Value-Based Payment.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- Quantifying EHR and Policy Factors Associated with the Gender Productivity Gap in Ambulatory, General Internal Medicine.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- The physician gender pay gap in Maryland: current state and future directions.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Lifetime Impact of the Gender Wage Gap in Family Medicine.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFMArticle
- Examining the Million Dollar Question: Why is There Still a Gender Wage Gap in Family Medicine?Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFMArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe physician gender wage gap may be due, in part, to productivity-based compensation models that undervalue female practice patterns.
objectiveTo determine how primary care physician (PCP) compensation by gender differs when applying existing productivity-based and alternative compensation models.
designMicrosimulation.
setting2016 to 2019 national clinical registry of 1222 primary care practices.
participantsMale and female PCPs matched on specialty, years since medical school graduation, practice site, and sessions worked. MEASUREMENTS: Net annual, full-time-equivalent compensation for male versus female PCPs, under productivity-based fee-for-service, panel size-based capitation without or with risk adjustment, and hybrid payment models. Microsimulation inputs included patient and visit characteristics and overhead expenses.
resultsAmong 1435 matched male ( LIMITATION: Panel attribution based on office visits.
conclusionThe gender wage gap varied by compensation model, with capitation risk-adjusted for patient age and sex resulting in a smaller gap. Future models might better align with primary care effort and outcomes. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: None.
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Registered trials
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