Observational studyAnnals of internal medicine2022
Comparing Racial Differences in Emphysema Prevalence Among Adults With Normal Spirometry: A Secondary Data Analysis of the CARDIA Lung Study.
Observational study in Annals of internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Identifying Biomarkers for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Salivary Metabolome.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Article
- Lung Function Trajectory Using Race-Specific vs Race-Neutral Global Lung Function Initiative Coefficients.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Brief Report: The Implications of Removing Race From Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Among Persons With or Without HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Individual- and Group-Level Disparities Between Racial and Ethnic Groups in Lung Cancer Screening Eligibility Criteria.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Comparison of Race-Neutral versus Race-Specific Spirometry Equations for Evaluation of Child Asthma.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Is it time to end race and ethnicity adjustment for pediatric pulmonary function tests?Pediatric pulmonology · 2024Review
- Article
- How do deep-learning models generalize across populations? Cross-ethnicity generalization of COPD detection.Insights into imaging · 2024Article
- Article
- Implications of Race Adjustment in Lung-Function Equations.The New England journal of medicine · 2024Article
- Race Adjustment of Pulmonary Function Tests in the Diagnosis and Management of COPD: A Scoping Review.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2024Article
- Reply to: [Letter to the Editor].Health equity · 2024Article
- The Time for Race-Neutral Pulmonary Function Norms is Now.Health equity · 2024Article
- Race-Specific Spirometry Equations Do Not Improve Models of Dyspnea and Quantitative Chest CT Phenotypes.Chest · 2023Article
- Race-Specific Interpretation of Spirometry: Impact on the Lung Allocation Score.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2023Article
- Methods for Using Race and Ethnicity in Prediction Models for Lung Cancer Screening Eligibility.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Review
- Defining and Promoting Pediatric Pulmonary Health: Assessing Lung Function and Structure.Pediatrics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundComputed tomography (CT) imaging complements spirometry and may provide insight into racial disparities in respiratory health.
objectiveTo determine the difference in emphysema prevalence between Black and White adults with different measures of normal spirometry results.
designObservational study using clinical data and spirometry from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study obtained in 2015 to 2016 and CT scans done in 2010 to 2011.
setting4 U.S. centers.
participantsPopulation-based sample of Black and White adults. MEASUREMENTS: Self-identified race and visually identified emphysema on CT in participants with different measures of "normal" spirometry results, calculated using standard race-specific and race-neutral reference equations.
resultsA total of 2674 participants (485 Black men, 762 Black women, 659 White men, and 768 White women) had both a CT scan and spirometry available for analysis. Among participants with a race-specific FEV LIMITATION: No CT scans were obtained during the most recent study visit (2015 to 2016) when spirometry was done.
conclusionEmphysema is often present before spirometry findings become abnormal, particularly among Black men. Reliance on spirometry alone to differentiate lung health from lung disease may result in the underrecognition of impaired respiratory health and exacerbate racial disparities. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Institutes of Health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.