Implications of Electronic Cigarettes on the Safe Administration of Sedation and General Anesthesia in the Outpatient Dental Setting.

Today the number of electronic cigarette users continues to rise as electronic cigarettes slowly, yet steadily overtake conventional cigarettes in popularity. This shift is often attributed to the misconception that electronic cigarettes are "safer" or "less dangerous" than conventional cigarettes. Recent studies have shown that electronic cigarettes are far from safe and that the inhaled agents and byproducts within vaping aerosols can have adverse effects on systemic and oral health like combustible tobacco products. The first electronic cigarettes were originally introduced as a tool for smoking cessation. However, newer iterations of electronic cigarette devices have been modified to allow the user to consume tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis, in addition to nicotine. As the popularity of these devices continues to rise, the number of patients seeking dental treatment who also consume electronic cigarettes will too. This article aims to shed light on the deleterious effects electronic cigarettes can have on systemic and oral health, as well as the special considerations for sedation and anesthesia providers treating patients who use electronic cigarettes.