ReviewAmerican journal of rhinology & allergy2022
Utilization of Nasal Mucus to Investigate the Pathophysiology of Chronic Rhinosinusitis.
Review in American journal of rhinology & allergy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlation of Local Nasal Biomarkers and Olfactory Dysfunction in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2026Pooled it
- Roles of Exosomes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Use of Machine Learning and 71-Plex Immune Mediator Analysis to Identify Nasal Mucus Biomarkers Associated With Olfactory Loss in Patients with CRSwNP.American journal of rhinology & allergy · 2026Article
- What can we learn about chronic rhinosinusitis through mucus?Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery · 2026Review
- Cytokine Sampling in the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses.Ear, nose, & throat journal · 2025Review
- Type 2 biomarkers in olfactory cleft mucus correlate with SNOT-22 in chronic rhinosinusitis independent of nasal polyp status.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2025Observational
- Serum Periostin as a Potential Biomarker in the Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis: A Pilot Study.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2025Article
- All chronic rhinosinusitis endotype clusters demonstrate improvement in patient-reported and clinical outcome measures after endoscopic sinus surgery.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2024Observational
- Assessing the predictive potential of ADAM8 for disease control in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.Frontiers in allergy · 2024Article
- Recent advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics and metabolomics in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The nasal microbiome in patients suffering from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-exacerbated respiratory disease in absence of corticosteroids.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNasal mucus is proving to be a useful means by which to study the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Given the increase in publications examining nasal mucus and the lack of a review on this topic, we will focus on this noninvasive approach to studying CRS. Particular attention will be drawn towards inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers and their influence on disease severity.
methodsA literature review of papers published in English pertaining to nasal mucus was performed using the PubMed database. The search utilized combinations of the following keywords: sinusitis, polyps, sample collection, nasal mucus, or nasal secretion. Studies solely on acute or bacterial sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, or cystic fibrosis were not included.
resultsA wide variety of materials and methods have been used to collect nasal mucus. Numerous assay types have been performed with the most common being ELISA, cytometric bead array, and proteomics. Most studies have focused on examining the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines along with chemokines associated with type 2 immunity. Other factors identified include growth factors, senescence-associated proteins, complement, and antimicrobial defenses have also been identified. Nasal mucus cytokines have proven useful in cluster analysis and predicting postoperative improvement in Sino-nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores. One limitation of the use of nasal mucus is that some studies have suggested that nasal mucus does not always reflect the tissue microenvironment.
conclusionsNasal mucus represents a critical tool by which to examine the sinonasal microenvironment in a noninvasive manner. Unlike studies of tissue, it can be utilized in both surgically and medically managed patients and avoids the trauma of biopsies. However, studies are still needed to determine the most effective method for nasal mucus collection. Studies should also take care to confirm that nasal mucus markers do, in fact, reflect the levels of the product studied in the tissue.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.