ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2022
Fresh Versus Frozen Stool for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation-Assessment by Multimethod Approach Combining Culturing, Flow Cytometry, and Next-Generation Sequencing.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbiota transplant therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: advances and mechanistic insights.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- In vitro validation concept for lyophilized fecal microbiota products with a focus on bacterial viability.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Evaluating long-term stool preservation methods for maximizing the recovery of viable human fecal microbiota.Gut microbes reports · 2025Article
- Psychrotrophic Antarctic marine bacteria as potential reservoirs for novel antimicrobial genes.FEMS microbes · 2025Article
- Human microbiota-associated animal models: a review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Evaluating Bacterial Viability in Faecal Microbiota Transplantation: A Comparative Analysis of In Vitro Cultivation and Membrane Integrity Methods.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Bacterial Viability for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Impact of Thawing Temperature and Storage Time.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Current perspectives on fecal microbiota transplantation in inflammatory bowel disease.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2024Review
- Effects of feces storage conditions for host-microbiota screenings inFrontiers in microbiomes · 2024Article
- The practice of fecal microbiota transplantation in inflammatory bowel disease.Intestinal research · 2024Review
- The Relationship Between the Microbiome and Antimicrobial Resistance.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Validation of a batch cultivation protocol for fecal microbiota of Kenyan infants.BMC microbiology · 2023Article
- The impact of cefuroxime prophylaxis on human intestinal microbiota in surgical oncological patients.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2022Article
- Gut microbiome therapy: fecal microbiota transplantation vs live biotherapeutic products.Gut microbesReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of this work was to compare the quality of FMT preparations made from fresh feces with those made from feces frozen at -30°C without any pre-processing or cryopreservation additives. The research hypothesis was that such preservation protocol (frozen whole stool, then thawed and processed) is equipotent to classical fresh FMT preparation. For that, three complementary methods were applied, including: (i) culturing in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, (ii) measuring viability by flow cytometry, and (iii) next-generation sequencing. Flow cytometry with cell staining showed that the applied freezing protocol causes significant changes in all of the observed bacterial fractions. Alive cell counts dropped four times, from around 70% to 15%, while the other two fractions, dead and unknown cell counts quadrupled and doubled, with the unknown fraction becoming the dominant one, with an average contribution of 57.47% per sample. It will be very interesting to uncover what this unknown fraction is (e.g., bacterial spores), as this may change our conclusions (if these are spores, the viability could be even higher after freezing). Freezing had a huge impact on the structure of cultivable bacterial communities. The biggest drop after freezing in the number of cultivable species was observed for Actinobacteria and Bacilli. In most cases, selected biodiversity indices were slightly lower for frozen samples. PCoA visualization built using weighted UniFrac index showed no donor-wise clusters, but a clear split between fresh and frozen samples. This split can be in part attributed to the changes in the relative abundance of Bacteroidales and Clostridiales orders. Our results clearly show that whole stool freezing without any cryoprotectants has a great impact on the cultivability and biodiversity of the bacterial community, and possibly also on the viability of bacterial cells.
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Registered trials
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