ArticleEJHaem2022
Second primary malignancies in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: Skin, solid organ, haematological and Richter's syndrome.
Article in EJHaem, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Papillary thyroid carcinoma in a patient with long-standing chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A case report.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Atypical metastasis of paratesticular liposarcoma to the penile crus managed with surgical resection.Urology case reports · 2026Article
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- Uveal melanoma following Bruton's tyrosine inhibitor use for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2025Article
- Investigating the influence of germlineHaematologica · 2025Article
- Incidence and impact of other malignancies after immunochemotherapy by fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab as frontline treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A single-center retrospective study.Clinical hematology international · 2025Article
- Risk of Incident Melanoma Among Individuals With Low-Count Monoclonal B-Cell Lymphocytosis.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Article
- Adverse In-Hospital Outcomes after Radical Prostatectomy in Leukemia History Patients.Cancers · 2024Article
- Melanoma as Subsequent Primary Malignancy in Hematologic Cancer Survivors-A Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Update on the management of relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Blood cancer journal · 2024Review
- Assessment of second primary malignancies among treated and untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia using real-world data from the USA.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2024Review
- Review
- Risk of second primary malignancies in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a population-based study in the Netherlands, 1989-2019.Blood cancer journal · 2023Article
- Improving outcomes for patients with lymphoma: design and development of the Australian and New Zealand Lymphoma and Related Diseases Registry.BMC medical research methodology · 2022Article
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- An Extremely Rare Case of Prostate and Bladder Wall Involvement of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reportsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is invariably accompanied by some degree of immune failure, and CLL patients have a high rate of second primary malignancy (SPM) compared to the general population. We comprehensively documented the incidence of all forms of SPM including skin cancer (SC), solid organ malignancy (SOM), second haematological malignancy (SHM) and separately Richter's syndrome (RS) across all therapy eras. Among the 517 CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) patients, the overall incidence of SPMs with competing risks was SC 31.07%, SOM 25.99%, SHM 5.19% and RS 7.55%. Of the 216 treated patients, 106 (49.1%) had at least one form of SPM, and 63 of 106 (29.2% of treated patients) developed an SPM 1.5 years (median) after treatment for their CLL. Melanoma accounted for 30.3% of SC. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), including eight metastatic SCCs, was 1.8 times more than basal cell carcinoma (BCC), a reversal of the typical BCC:SCC ratio. The most common SOMs were prostate (6.4%) and breast (4.5%). SHM included seven acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and five myelodysplasia (MDS) of which eight (four AML, four MDS) were therapy-related. Any SPM occurred in 32.1% of 53 Monoclonal B-lymphocytosis (MBL) patients. Age-adjusted standardised rates of SPM (per 100,000) for CLL, MBL and the general Australian population were 2648, 1855 and 486.9, respectively. SPMs are a major health burden with 44.9% of CLL patients with having at least one SPM, and apart from SC, associated with significantly reduced overall survival. Dramatic improvements in CLL treatment and survival have occurred with immunochemotherapy and targeted therapies, but mitigating SPM burden will be important to sustain further progress.
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