ArticleFrontiers in public health2022
Trends of Blood Lead Levels in US Pregnant Women: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2018).
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between blood lead levels and body composition parameters in middle-aged pre- and postmenopausal women.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Associations Between Blood Heavy Metal Concentrations and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in the Japan Environment and Children's Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to metal mixture and birth weight; a Bayesian kernel machine regression analysis of two cohort studies in Japan and Iran.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2025Article
- Trends in urine lead and associated mortality in US adults: NHANES 1999-2018.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Possible Risk Factors and Their Potential Associations with Combined Heavy Metal Exposures in Pregnant Women in the Republic of Suriname.Annals of global health · 2024Article
- Assessing lead exposure in U.S. pregnant women using biological and residential measurements.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Prenatal Lead Exposure, Genetic Factors, and Cognitive Developmental Delay.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Invited Perspective: Challenging the Dogma of Lead Neurotoxicity.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Mixtures of Metals and Micronutrients in Early Pregnancy and Cognition in Early and Mid-Childhood: Findings from the Project Viva Cohort.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Determinants of Exposure to Potentially Toxic Metals in Pregnant Women of the DSAN-12M Cohort in the Recôncavo Baiano, Brazil.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: This study investigates the trends of blood lead levels in US pregnant women based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2001 to 2018. Methods: A total of 1,230 pregnant women were included in this study. The weighted logistic regression was applied to analyze the association between sociodemographic characteristics with high blood levels. We computed the blood lead levels for each survey period from 2001-2002 to 2017-2018. Moreover, we used the adjusted linear regression model to investigate the time-related change in blood lead level. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated accordingly. Results: The mean blood lead was 0.73 ± 0.03 ug/dL, and high blood lead was observed in 2.53% of individuals. The Mexican Americans were more associated with high blood lead than the non-Hispanic white (OR, 1.072; 95% CI, 1.032-1.112). The mean blood lead level has decreased from 0.97 ug/dL in 2001-2002 to 0.46 ug/dL in 2013-2014. Afterward, a slight increase was observed with the mean blood lead of 0.55 ug/dL in 2015-2016 and 0.53 ug/dL in 2017-2018. In the adjusted linear regression model, each year's increase would lead to a 0.029 ug/dL decrease in blood lead ( Conclusion: This study summarized the trend of blood lead levels in US pregnant women over 2001-2018. Continued effort is still required to control lead sources better and protect this population from lead exposure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.