ReviewFrontiers in public health2022
The Association Between Environmental and Social Factors and Myopia: A Review of Evidence From COVID-19 Pandemic.
Review in Frontiers in public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distribution of axial length in Japanese children and adolescents aged 4 to 19 years.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Developmental trajectories of visual acuity and associated determinants in Chinese primary school students: a longitudinal cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Myopia in Houston optometry graduates from 2013 to 2023.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of interventions for convergence insufficiency: an observational study evaluating clinical outcomes and health-related quality of life using AS20.Eye (London, England) · 2025Observational
- Impact of physical indicators on ocular development in preschool children.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- The Impact of Vergence Dysfunction on Myopia Control in Children Wearing Defocus Spectacle Lenses.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Association between body mass index and myopia in the United States population in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999 to 2008: a cross-sectional study.European journal of medical research · 2023Article
- LncRNA-XR_002792574.1-mediated ceRNA network reveals potential biomarkers in myopia-induced retinal ganglion cell damage.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Comparing the effects of highly aspherical lenslets versus defocus incorporated multiple segment spectacle lenses on myopia control.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Subjective behavioral measures in myopic and pre-myopic children before and after the COVID lockdown.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- The impact of the pandemic highlights the urgent need for myopia guidelines: The clinicians' role.European journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Trends of myopia development among primary and junior school students in the post-COVID-19 epidemic period.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Effects of physical activity and use of digital devices on visual acuity in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Myopia progression and associated factors of refractive status in children and adolescents in Tibet and Chongqing during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To review the association between children's behavioral changes during the restriction due to the pandemic of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the development and progression of myopia. Design: A literature review. Method: We looked for relevant studies related to 1) children's behavioral changes from COVID-19 restriction and 2) children's myopia progression during COVID-19 restriction by using the following keywords. They were "Behavior," "Activity," "COVID-19," "Lockdown," "Restriction," and "Children" for the former; "Myopia," "COVID-19," "Lockdown," "Restriction" for the latter. Titles, abstracts and full texts from the retrieved studies were screened and all relevant data were summarized, analyzed, and discussed. Results: Children were less active and more sedentary during COVID-19 restriction. According to five studies from China and six studies, each from Hong Kong, Spain, Israel, South Korea, Turkey and Taiwan included in our review, all countries without myopia preventive intervention supported the association between the lockdown and myopia progression by means of negative SER change ranging from 0.05-0.6 D, more negative SER change (compared post- to pre-lockdown) ranging from 0.71-0.98 D and more negative rate of SER changes (compared post- to pre-lockdown) ranging from 0.05-0.1 D/month. The reported factor that accelerated myopia is an increase in total near work, while increased outdoor activity is a protective factor against myopia progression. Conclusion: The pandemic of COVID-19 provided an unwanted opportunity to assess the effect of the behavioral changes and myopia in the real world. There is sufficient evidence to support the association between an increase in near work from home confinement or a reduction of outdoor activities and worsening of myopia during the COVID-19 lockdown. The findings from this review of data from the real world may help better understanding of myopia development and progression, which may lead to adjustment of behaviors to prevent myopia and its progression in the future.
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