ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Optimized Protocols for
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- A review on applying immunological methods in animal research.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2026Review
- Lymphoid-Tissue-on-Chip Recapitulates Human Antibody Responses In Vitro.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Enhanced Human Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses Using In Vitro 3D Tonsil Cultures Containing Stromal Cells.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- BAFF-R expression as a potential biomarker associated with COVID-19 vaccine non-responsiveness in antibody-deficient patients.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- The immune microenvironment of HPV-associated cancers: from viral oncogenesis to immunotherapy response.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Antigen-specific B cell response regulation by IL-10-producing tolerogenic dendritic cells.Science advances · 2025Article
- Antibody Secretion Capacity in CVID Patients: Immunoglobulin Isotypes and Antigen Specificities After T-Cell-Dependent In Vitro Stimulation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- A microfluidic platform for the co-culturing of microtissues with continuously recirculating suspension cells.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Article
- Multiparametric Optimization of Human Primary B-Cell Cultures Using Design of Experiments.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Amlexanox inhibits production of type I interferon and suppresses B cell differentiationRMD open · 2025Article
- Naive and Memory B Cell BCR Repertoires in Individuals Immunized with an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine.Vaccines · 2025Article
- JAK Inhibitors and B Cell Function: A Comparative Study of Their Impact on Plasma Cell Differentiation, Cytokine Production, and Naïve B Cell Activation.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- β-Glucan induced plasma B cells differentiation to enhance antitumor immune responses by Dectin-1.BMC immunology · 2025Article
- CXCL9 and CXCL10 support the exacerbated humoral response in recovered COVID-19 patients who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome by promoting plasma cell differentiation, whereas CXCL9 also induces CD40L and CXCR3 upregulation on T helper cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Functional insights of an uncommon hypomorphic variant inFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Hazards of lunar surface exploration: determining the immunogenicity/allergenicity of lunar dust.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Porcine non-conventional B-1-like cells are a potent source ofFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Circulating mucosal-like IgA responses increase with severity of Puumala orthohantavirus-caused hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- A synthetic human 3DiScience · 2023Article
- Oxygen level is a critical regulator of human B cell differentiation and IgG class switch recombination.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background/Methods: For mechanistic studies, Results: This study demonstrates improved differentiation efficiency after 9 days of culturing for both B-cells and PBMC cultures using CD40L and IL-21 as TD stimuli and 6 days for CpG and IL-2 as TI stimuli. We arrived at optimized protocols requiring 2,500 and 25,000 B-cells per culture well for the TD and TI assays, respectively. The results of the PBMC cultures were highly comparable to the B-cell cultures, which allows dismissal of additional B-cell isolation steps prior to culturing. In these optimized TD conditions, the addition of anti-BCR showed a little effect on phenotypic B-cell differentiation; however, it interferes with Ig secretion measurements. The addition of IL-4 to the TD stimuli showed significantly lower Ig secretion. The addition of BAFF to optimized TI conditions showed enhanced B-cell differentiation and Ig secretion in B-cell but not in PBMC cultures. With this approach, efficient B-cell differentiation and Ig secretion were accomplished when starting from fresh or cryopreserved samples. Conclusion: Our methodology demonstrates optimized TD and TI stimulation protocols for more in-depth analysis of B-cell differentiation in primary human B-cell and PBMC cultures while requiring low amounts of B cells, making them ideally suited for future clinical and research studies on B-cell differentiation of patient samples from different cohorts of B-cell-mediated diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.