ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Serum Free Zinc Is Associated With Vaccination Response to SARS-CoV-2.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Micronutrients and omega-3 PUFAs to promote healthy ageing: informing a physiology-based complementation strategy.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Understanding and improving vaccine efficacy in older adults.Nature aging · 2025Review
- Is dolichol pathway dysfunction a significant factor in Alzheimer's disease?Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- A scoping review: the impact of nutritional status on the efficacy, effectiveness, and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2025Review
- Zinc deficiency as possible link between immunosenescence and age-related diseases.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- Impact of vitamin D and zinc sufficiency on immune responses following COVID-19 vaccinations among healthcare workers.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2025Article
- Article
- Combined copper and zinc deficiency is associated with reduced SARS-CoV-2 immunization response to BNT162b2 vaccination.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination in seminal plasma and their association to sperm parameters.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Article
- Nutritional deficiencies that may predispose to long COVID.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Review
- Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in follicular fluids and their association with assisted reproduction.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Persistent and transient olfactory deficits in COVID-19 are associated to inflammation and zinc homeostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Association of COVID-19 mortality with serum selenium, zinc and copper: Six observational studies across Europe.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element with high relevance for the immune system, and its deficiency is associated with elevated infection risk and severe disease course. The association of Zn status with the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is unknown. Methods: A cohort of adult health care workers (n=126) received two doses of BNT162B2, and provided up to four serum samples over a time course of 6 months. Total SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralizing antibody potency was determined, along with total as well as free Zn concentrations. Results: The SARS-CoV-2 antibodies showed the expected rise in response to vaccination, and decreased toward the last sampling point, with highest levels measured three weeks after the second dose. Total serum Zn concentrations were relatively stable over time, and showed no significant association with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Baseline total serum Zn concentration and supplemental intake of Zn were both unrelated to the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Time resolved analysis of free Zn indicated a similar dynamic as the humoral response. A positive correlation was observed between free Zn concentrations and both the induced antibodies and neutralizing antibody potency. Conclusion: While the biomarkers of Zn status and supplemental Zn intake appeared unrelated to the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, the observed correlation of free Zn to the induced antibodies indicates a diagnostic value of this novel biomarker for the immune system.
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