Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35844538›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022

Preclinical Autoimmune Disease: a Comparison of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Multiple Sclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes.

Giulia Frazzei, Ronald F van Vollenhoven, Brigit A de Jong, Sarah E Siegelaar, Dirkjan van Schaardenburg

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
59citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
16.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Giulia FrazzeiDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Ronald F van VollenhovenDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Brigit A de JongDepartment of Neurology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Sarah E SiegelaarDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Dirkjan van SchaardenburgDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
University of Amsterdam · NLAmsterdam Neuroscience · NLAmsterdam University Medical Centers · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The preclinical phase of autoimmune disorders is characterized by an initial asymptomatic phase of varying length followed by nonspecific signs and symptoms. A variety of autoimmune and inflammatory manifestations can be present and tend to increase in the last months to years before a clinical diagnosis can be made. The phenotype of an autoimmune disease depends on the involved organs, the underlying genetic susceptibility and pathophysiological processes. There are different as well as shared genetic or environmental risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms between separate diseases. To shed more light on this, in this narrative review we compare the preclinical disease course of four important autoimmune diseases with distinct phenotypes: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). In general, we observed some notable similarities such as a North-South gradient of decreasing prevalence, a female preponderance (except for T1D), major genetic risk factors at the HLA level, partly overlapping cytokine profiles and lifestyle risk factors such as obesity, smoking and stress. The latter risk factors are known to produce a state of chronic systemic low grade inflammation. A central characteristic of all four diseases is an on average lengthy prodromal phase with no or minor symptoms which can last many years, suggesting a gradually evolving interaction between the genetic profile and the environment. Part of the abnormalities may be present in unaffected family members, and autoimmune diseases can also cluster in families. In conclusion, a promising strategy for prevention of autoimmune diseases might be to address adverse life style factors by public health measures at the population level.

Indexed as

Arthritis, RheumatoidAutoimmune DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Lupus Erythematosus, SystemicMultiple SclerosisFemaleHumansInflammationenvironmental risk factorsgenetic risk factorsmultiple sclerosis (MS)pathophysiological processprodromal phaserheumatoid arthritis (RA)systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)type 1 diabetes (T1D)

Identifiers

PMID35844538
PMCPMC9281565
OpenAlexW4283754242

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.