ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2022
Urban-rural disparities in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control among Chinese middle-aged and older adults from 2011 to 2015: a repeated cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between the cumulative average triglyceride glucose-BMI and hypertension incidence among the middle-aged and older population: a prospective nationwide cohort study in China.Journal of hypertension · 2026Article
- The analysis of the leukemia mortality rate and its temporal trends in China from 2004 to 2021.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Labour-type physical activity, metabolic dysregulation, and hypertension in rural older adults: rethinking work, exercise, and health in a cold-climate agricultural community.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Labour-type physical activity, alcohol use and hypertension in rural older adults in Northeast China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Hypertension Prevalence Among People Lifted Out of Poverty in China in 2018-2023: Retrospective Spatiotemporal Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to hypertension among Sri Lankans: an online cross-sectional survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The role of veterans hospitals in Taiwan's medically underserved areas.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2025Article
- Association Between Multidimensional Social Participation and Hypertension Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: A Cross-Sectional Analysis From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Article
- Practice and Effect Evaluation of Hypertension Homogenization Management Model Under the "Walking Hospital" Mode in Primary Medical Institutions.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Association Between Self-Perception of Aging and Long-Term Mortality in Elderly Patients with Hypertension in Rural China: A Possible Beneficial Effect of Nut Intake.Clinical interventions in aging · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChina has experienced a continuing increase in hypertension prevalence over the past few decades, especially in rural areas. The paper aims to examine the variation of urban-rural disparities in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control among Chinese middle-aged and older adults between 2011 and 2015.
methodsOur team extracted data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a nationally representative survey of residents aged 45 years and older. In this study, we used the 2011 wave and the 2015 wave of CHARLS. We calculated crude rates and age-adjusted rates of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control for the general, urban, and rural populations in each wave and performed chi-square tests to examine urban-rural disparities. We used logistic regression to further confirm these disparities by controlling confounding factors in each wave. We then used generalized estimating equation (GEE) to further examine whether urban-rural disparities changed between 2011 and 2015.
resultsWe included 11,129 records in the 2011 wave and 8916 records in the 2015 wave in this study. The mean age was 59.0 years and 5359 (48.2%) participants were male in the 2011 wave. Age-adjusted hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and control among treated in the total population were 38.5%, 70.6%, 59.2%, 27.4%, and 46.4% in 2015. Urban-rural disparities in the indicators mentioned above were 5.7%, 13.4%, 15.3%, 9.4% and 5.6% in 2011; which decreased to 4.8%, 2.7%, 5.2%, 4.9% and 3.8% in 2015. Urban-rural disparities in prevalence, awareness and treatment were statistically significant in 2011 but not significant in 2015 adjusted for confounding factors, yet control disparities were statistically significant in both waves. Finally, urban-rural disparities in awareness and treatment had narrowed from 2011 to 2015.
conclusionsAwareness, treatment, and control rates were sub-optimal among both urban and rural adults. Prevention and management of hypertension among both urban and rural adults should be further strengthened. Awareness and treatment increased more rapidly among rural adults, indicating some achievement had been made in enhancing the healthcare system in rural areas. More efforts are needed in attaining urban-rural equity of healthcare services.
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