Observational studyInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2022
Possible sex difference in latent tuberculosis infection risk among close tuberculosis contacts.
Observational study in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age-stratified prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia: a facility-based cross-sectional study.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Sex as a Biological Variable in Tuberculosis Pathogenesis.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Scaling Up Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment in the Brazilian Amazon (2016-2024): a Programmatic Report on Multi-sector Integration in Surveillance, Health Services and Academia.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2026Article
- Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection among new students in Taishan District in 2025.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Sex differences in tuberculosis infection and disease among people with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesMore men than women develop and die of tuberculosis (TB). Fewer data exist on sex differences in latent TB infection (LTBI). We assessed for potential sex differences in LTBI acquisition among close TB contacts.
methodsRegional Prospective Observational Research for TB-Brazil is an observational multi-center cohort of individuals with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB and their close contacts. Participants were enrolled from five sites in Brazil from June 2015 - June 2019. Close contacts were followed for 24 months after enrollment, with LTBI defined as a positive interferon-γ release assay (IGRA; QuantiFERON 3
resultsOf 1093, 504 (46%) female close contacts were IGRA positive compared to 295 of 745 (40%) men. The unadjusted OR for IGRA positivity among women vs men was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.08-1.58). Bivariate adjustments yielded ORs in women vs men ranging from 1.19 to 1.33 (P-value range: <0.01-0.07). Multivariable regression and weighted models yielded similar ORs in women vs men, of 1.14 (95% CI: 0.92-1.41) and 1.15 (95% CI: 0.94-1.40), respectively.
conclusionThe point estimate for LTBI among close TB contacts in Brazil was higher in women, though less pronounced in multivariable models. If the sex difference in LTBI is confirmed in additional settings, studies of possible underlying differences in socio-behavioral factors or TB pathogenesis are warranted.
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