ArticleCognition2022
Rhesus monkeys manipulate mental images.
Article in Cognition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Continuity in geometric intuition between humans and monkeys.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Visual perception of rotated chromatic and achromatic 3D stimuli in goldfish (Carassius auratus).Learning & behavior · 2026Article
- Left or right, that is the question: use of egocentric frame of reference and the right-eye advantage for understanding gestural signs in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).Animal cognition · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Humans form mental images and manipulate them in ways that mirror physical transformations of objects. Studies of nonhuman animals will inform our understanding of the evolution and distribution among species of mental imagery. Across three experiments, we found mostly converging evidence that rhesus monkeys formed and rotated mental images. In Experiment 1, monkeys discriminated rotations of sample images from mirror images, and showed longer response latencies with greater rotation as is characteristic of human mental rotation. In Experiment 2 monkeys used a rotation cue that indicated how far to mentally rotate sample images before tests, indicating a precision of better than 30° in discriminating rotations. Experiment 3 yielded mixed evidence on whether the rotation cue shortened decision times as has been found in humans. These results show that rhesus monkeys manipulate mental images.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.