ArticleJournal of psychiatric research2022
Psychological wellbeing in the English population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A series of cross-sectional surveys.
Article in Journal of psychiatric research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mental health in adults aged 50+ since the COVID-19 pandemic: Are we (all) back to 'normal'? evidence from England.Journal of affective disorders reports · 2026Article
- 'We're all doing different things' - exploring primary care practitioners' perspectives of managing distress: a qualitative study.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Article
- Recovery of psychological wellbeing following the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal analysis of the English longitudinal study of ageing.Aging & mental health · 2025Article
- Trajectories of resilience and mental distress to global major disruptions.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- The mental health of staff working on intensive care units over the COVID-19 winter surge of 2020 in England: a cross sectional survey.British journal of anaesthesia · 2022Article
- Mitigating the impact of adolescence isolation on the development of social anxiety: A potential role for oxytocin.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Psychological distress has been elevated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few studies published to date have investigated distress after the first wave of infections (Spring - Summer 2020). We investigated distress and wellbeing between April 2020 and April 2022 in England through a series of cross-sectional online surveys. People aged 16 years or over living in the UK were eligible for the surveys; for this study we selected only those living in England due to differences in restrictions between UK nations. Distress was measured using the PHQ4 (n = 60,921 responses), while wellbeing was measured using the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (n = 61,152 responses). Throughout, approximately 50%-60% of women and 40%-50% of men reported distress, higher than the 25%-30% of women, and 20%-25% of men reported in normative data. Wellbeing was also worse than population norms, with women reporting lower wellbeing than men. Rates of distress in the English population have been consistently high throughout the pandemic. Patterns of distress have broadly mirrored the pattern of restrictions and case numbers, but there are notable exceptions which indicate that other factors may play a part in population mental health.
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