ArticleMolecular psychiatry2022
Cognitive performance protects against Alzheimer's disease independently of educational attainment and intelligence.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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24 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the influencing factors of subjective cognitive function in patients with advanced cancer pain: a cross-sectional study utilizing latent profile analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pathogenic KRAS variants disrupt structure and dynamics: Insights from integrated computational analyses.PloS one · 2026Article
- Is educational attainment protective against developing dementia? A twin study of genetic and environmental contributions.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- A lifespan perspective on cognitive reserve and risk for dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the confounders influencing the relationships linking socioeconomic factors and cognitive performance with family history of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Causal associations and shared genetic etiology of neurodegenerative diseases with epigenetic aging and human longevity.Aging cell · 2024Article
- Causal relationships between dyslexia and the risk of eight dementias.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Fuzzy kernel evidence Random Forest for identifying pseudouridine sites.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2024Article
- Comment on "Cognitive performance protects against Alzheimer's disease independently of educational attainment and intelligence" by Hu et al.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Trends in cause-specific mortality among persons with Alzheimer's disease in South Carolina: 2014 to 2019.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Mendelian randomization study supports the causal effects of air pollution on longevity via multiple age-related diseases.npj aging · 2023Article
- The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor I in Mechanisms of Resilience and Vulnerability to Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Intelligence and general cognitive function: the jangle fallacy.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Article
- A First Computational Frame for Recognizing Heparin-Binding Protein.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Integration of multiple-omics data to reveal the shared genetic architecture of educational attainment, intelligence, cognitive performance, and Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Comparative evaluation and analysis of DNA N4-methylcytosine methylation sites using deep learning.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Dimensions of cognitive reserve and their predictive power of cognitive performance and decline in the elderly.Frontiers in dementia · 2023Article
- Large-scale genome-wide association study to identify causal relationships and potential mediators between education and autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Computational identification of promoters inFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
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9 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
Mendelian-randomization (MR) studies using large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified causal association between educational attainment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanisms are still required to be explored. Here, we conduct univariable and multivariable MR analyses using large-scale educational attainment, cognitive performance, intelligence and AD GWAS datasets. In stage 1, we found significant causal effects of educational attainment on cognitive performance (beta = 0.907, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.884-0.930, P < 1.145E-299), and vice versa (beta = 0.571, 95% CI: 0.557-0.585, P < 1.145E-299). In stage 2, we found that both increase in educational attainment (odds ratio (OR) = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.66-0.78, P = 1.39E-14) and cognitive performance (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.64-0.75, P = 1.78E-20) could reduce the risk of AD. In stage 3, we found that educational attainment may protect against AD dependently of cognitive performance (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.90-1.28, P = 4.48E-01), and cognitive performance may protect against AD independently of educational attainment (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.53-0.89, P = 5.00E-03). In stage 4, we found significant causal effects of cognitive performance on intelligence (beta = 0.907, 95% CI: 0.877-0.938, P < 1.145E-299), and vice versa (beta = 0.957, 95% CI: 0.937-0.978, P < 1.145E-299). In stage 5, we identified that cognitive performance may protect against AD independently of intelligence (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61-0.90, P = 2.00E-03), and intelligence may protect against AD dependently of cognitive performance (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.40-3.43, P = 4.48E-01). Collectively, our univariable and multivariable MR analyses highlight the protective role of cognitive performance in AD independently of educational attainment and intelligence. In addition to the intelligence, we extend the mechanisms underlying the associations of educational attainment with AD.
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