ArticleScientific reports2022
Insight into the hierarchical control governing leg stiffness during the stance phase of running.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Agreement and Reliability of Running Stride-Time Variability Analyses from Wearable Devices.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Enhanced ground reaction force analyses reveal injury-related Biomechanical differences in runners.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The effects of running shoe stack height on running style and stability during level running at different running speeds.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Assessing the effects of foot strike patterns and shoe types on the control of leg length and orientation in running.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Leg stiffness plays a key role in the storage and release of elastic energy during stance. However, the extent to which a runner is able to reuse stored energy remains a limiting factor in determining their running effectiveness. In this study, ten habitual rearfoot strikers and ten habitual forefoot strikers were asked to run on a treadmill in three footwear conditions: traditional, neutral, and minimal running shoes. We examined the effect of habitual foot strike pattern and footwear on leg stiffness control within three task-relevant phases of stance (i.e. touch-down, loading, unloading). Control was quantified using stride-to-stride leg stiffness time-series and the coefficient of variability and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). The results are interpreted within a theoretical framework that blends dynamic systems theory and optimal feedback control. Results indicate that leg stiffness control is tightly regulated by an active control process during the loading period of stance. In contrast, the touch-down and unloading phases are driven mostly by passive allometric control mechanisms. The effect of footwear on leg stiffness control was inconclusive due to inconsistent trends across three shoe types. However, stiffness control was affected by landing technique. Habitual rearfoot strike runners have reduced DFA values during the touch-down and unloading phases. These sub-phases are associated with an allometric control process and suggests that rearfoot strike runners express a reduction in system complexity for leg stiffness control and hence, a less adaptable system.
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