ArticleJournal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology2023
Tensile mechanical properties and finite element simulation of the wings of the butterfly Tirumala limniace.
Article in Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Designing Butterfly-Inspired Architecture in Self-Assembled Hybrid Composites for Synergistic Structural Thermal Management.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- How Does a Delicate Insect Wing Resist Damage? Chitin Orientation Is Adapted to the Mechanical Demands at the Nanoscale.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Butterfly Wing Microstructure Inspired Solid/Porous Alternating Layered Structures: In Situ Visualization of Confined Foaming.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Investigating the Mechanical Performance of Bionic Wings Based on the Flapping Kinematics of Beetle Hindwings.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Functional morphology and biomechanics of arthropods.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study examined the morphological characteristics and mechanical properties of the wings of Tirumala limniace. The wings of this butterfly, including the forewings and hindwings, are composed mainly of a flexible wing membrane and supporting wing veins. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to observe specific positions of the wing membrane and veins and reveal the morphological characteristics. Tensile experiments were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the wings and proved that the multifiber layer structures have a significantly fixed orientation of fiber alignment. A butterfly wing model reconstructed in reverse based on the finite element method was used to analyze the static characteristics of the wing structure in detail. Evaluation of stress and strain after applying uniform loading, perpendicular loading, and torsion revealed that minor wing deformation occurred and was concentrated near the main wing vein, which verifies the steadiness of the butterfly wing structure. Additionally, the flapping of butterfly wings was simulated using computational fluid dynamics to study the flow field near the butterfly wings and the distribution of pressure gradient on the wings. The results confirmed the effect of wing veins on maintaining the flight performance.
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