ArticleEye (London, England)2023
Vitamin A deficiency and the retinal "double carrot" sign with optical coherence tomography.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nutritional Deficiencies Following Bariatric Surgery: A Rapid Systematic Review of Case Reports of Vitamin and Micronutrient Deficiencies Presenting More Than Two Years Post-Surgery.Clinical obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Longitudinal evaluation of peripheral photoreceptor atrophy in fundus albipunctatus.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Bilateral keratomalacia years after biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch surgery: A case of severe vitamin A deficiency and literature review.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Review
- Vitamin A deficiency retinopathy in the setting of celiac disease and liver fibrosis.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Electrophysiological assessment of nutritional optic neuropathy: a case report.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Choroidal Thickening and Outer Retinal Alterations in Vitamin A Deficiency: A Case Report.Case reports in ophthalmologyArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSpectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and full-field electroretinography (ERG) allow retinal assessment with vitamin A deficiency (VAD). Using SD-OCT, this study aimed to characterize and follow a novel retinal abnormality in patients with VAD and intramuscular supplementation.
methodsPatients with VAD were retrospectively reviewed, including SD-OCT and electroretinography.
resultsThree patients had VAD following bariatric or colon surgery and varying supplementation. All had nyctalopia, extinguished scotopic rod-specific function with ERG, and decreased serum vitamin A. None demonstrated surface abnormalities. All received intramuscular vitamin A with subjective resolution of symptoms. On SD-OCT, four of six eyes exhibited homogenous foveal hyperreflectivity anterior to retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch complex, reminiscent of a "double carrot", which improved following supplementation. ERG findings demonstrated improved scotopic rod-specific function in all cases; however, photopic function remained diminished in two cases.
conclusionsStructural improvement of the proposed "double carrot" sign occurs soon after vitamin A supplementation. While scotopic function improves rapidly following supplementation, cone function recovers more slowly. Therefore, foveal changes such as the "double carrot" sign suggest that structural recovery of cones precedes functional recovery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.