ArticleScientific reports2022
Swedish snuff (snus) dipping, cigarette smoking, and risk of peripheral artery disease: a prospective cohort study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research on the safety risk of oral nicotine products and its prospects.Current research in toxicology · 2026Review
- Decreasing aortic diameter and decreasing prevalence of infrarenal aortic aneurysms in a population-based screening programme.The British journal of surgery · 2025Article
- Snus and Cardiometabolic Health Markers Among Swedish Young Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Circulating proteins and peripheral artery disease risk: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses.European heart journal open · 2023Article
- Smoking trends and health equity in Switzerland between 1992 and 2017: dependence of smoking prevalence on educational level and social determinants.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is an important risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD), but it remains unknown whether smokeless tobacco, such as Swedish snuff (snus), is also associated with this disease. We used data from the Cohort of Swedish Men including 24,085 men. Individuals were grouped into never, past, and current snus dippers as well as never, past quitting ≥ 10 years, past, quitting < 10 years, and current smokers. Incident PAD cases were defined by linkage of the cohort with the Swedish National Patient Register. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the data. Over a mean follow-up period of 9.1 years (from July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2019), 655 incident PAD cases were ascertained. Cigarette smoking but not Swedish snus dipping was associated with an increased risk of PAD. Compared with never snus dippers, the hazard ratio of PAD was 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73-1.24) for past snus dippers and 0.88 (95% CI 0.66-1.17) for current snus dippers. Compared to never smokers, the hazard ratio of PAD was 1.38 (95% CI 1.14-1.68) for past smoker who stopped smoking for ≥ 10 years, 2.61 (95% CI 1.89-3.61) for past smoker who stopped smoking for < 10 years, and 4.01 (95% CI 3.17, 5.08) for current smoker. In conclusion, cigarette smoking but not Swedish snus dipping increases the risk of PAD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.