Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35840631›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2022

iCodon customizes gene expression based on the codon composition.

Michay Diez, Santiago Gerardo Medina-Muñoz, Luciana Andrea Castellano, Gabriel da Silva Pescador, Qiushuang Wu, Ariel Alejandro Bazzini

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
5.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. NNature · 2026
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  7. Versatile CRISPR-Cas Tools for Gene Regulation in Zebrafish via an Enhanced Q Binary System.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Pichia-CLM: A language model-based codon optimization pipeline forProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
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  14. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Michay Diez *Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th St, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
Santiago Gerardo Medina-Muñoz *Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th St, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
Luciana Andrea Castellano *Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th St, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
Gabriel da Silva PescadorStowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th St, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
Qiushuang WuStowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th St, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
Ariel Alejandro BazziniStowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th St, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA. arb@stowers.org.
Stowers Institute for Medical Research · USUniversity of Kansas Medical Center · US

Funding

Small translated ORFs in the 3'UTR enhance translation in vertebratesR01GM136849 · NIGMS · STOWERS INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH · PI BAZZINI, ARIEL · 2021 to 2025
$2.0M
Translation of small open reading frames in 3'UTR enhances translation of canonical open reading framesF99CA253719 · NCI · STOWERS INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH · PI WU, QIUSHUANG · 2020 to 2021
$61k
NCI NIH HHS F99 CA253719NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM136849
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Messenger RNA (mRNA) stability substantially impacts steady-state gene expression levels in a cell. mRNA stability is strongly affected by codon composition in a translation-dependent manner across species, through a mechanism termed codon optimality. We have developed iCodon ( www.iCodon.org ), an algorithm for customizing mRNA expression through the introduction of synonymous codon substitutions into the coding sequence. iCodon is optimized for four vertebrate transcriptomes: mouse, human, frog, and fish. Users can predict the mRNA stability of any coding sequence based on its codon composition and subsequently generate more stable (optimized) or unstable (deoptimized) variants encoding for the same protein. Further, we show that codon optimality predictions correlate with both mRNA stability using a massive reporter library and expression levels using fluorescent reporters and analysis of endogenous gene expression in zebrafish embryos and/or human cells. Therefore, iCodon will benefit basic biological research, as well as a wide range of applications for biotechnology and biomedicine.

Indexed as

Protein BiosynthesisZebrafishAnimalsCodonHumansMiceProteinsRNA, MessengerRNA StabilityCodonProteinsRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID35840631
PMCPMC9287306
OpenAlexW4285677862

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.