ReviewCancer research2022
The Mechanisms of Action of Tumor Treating Fields.
Review in Cancer research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of tumor treating fields on overall and progression-free survival in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Association of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy with survival in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Tumor Treating Fields Enhance Temozolomide-Associated Growth Suppression in Glioblastoma Cells and Patient-Derived Organoids Through Cell-Cycle Blockade, Apoptosis, and SMAD-Associated Signaling.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- CPT1A-mediated IDO1 succinylation shapes EGFRvIII-driven resistance to tumor electric field therapy in glioblastoma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Redox Regulation in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Optimization of electrode material and geometry to enhance TTFields-like anticancer effects in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) sensitize anti-PD1-resistant lung tumors to PD1 blockade and remodel myeloid and lymphoid states.Research square · 2026Article
- Engineering the tumor immune landscape: Translating non-invasive physical stimulation into tumor-associated macrophage-targeted cancer immunotherapy.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Tumor Treating Fields and the Glioblastoma Microenvironment: Mechanistic Convergences with Radiotherapy.Cancers · 2026Review
- Review
- Efficacy and immunogenic effects of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) in preclinical models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, with and without gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Microstructural MRI combined with metabolic MRI to evaluate the progression-free survival of patients with glioblastoma at the early follow-up after tumor treating fields: a pilot study.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Application of 200 kHz Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) in Patients With Infratentorial High-Grade Glioma: Case Series.Brain tumor research and treatment · 2026Article
- Wearable bioelectronics for skin cancer management.Biomaterials · 2026Review
- The electrical tumor microenvironment: abnormalities and opportunities.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Translating physical stress into biological signals: precision electro-oncology based on conformational changes of electro-sensitive receptors and parameterized immune remodeling.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- LPC-engineered liposomes activate transcytosis for paclitaxel brain delivery and potentiation of TTFields/TMZ via TALECT regimen in glioblastoma.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage Phenotype Skewing Induced by Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields).International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Selective antitumor activity of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) involving molecular factors in cancer cells and tumor microenvironment.Translational oncology · 2025Review
- A New Method for Optimal Placement of Tumor Treating Fields Electrodes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor treating fields (TTFields), a new modality of cancer treatment, are electric fields transmitted transdermally to tumors. The FDA has approved TTFields for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme and mesothelioma, and they are currently under study in many other cancer types. While antimitotic effects were the first recognized biological anticancer activity of TTFields, data have shown that tumor treating fields achieve their anticancer effects through multiple mechanisms of action. TTFields therefore have the ability to be useful for many cancer types in combination with many different treatment modalities. Here, we review the current understanding of TTFields and their mechanisms of action.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.