Observational studyPloS one2022
Steep rise in drug use-associated infective endocarditis in West Virginia: Characteristics and healthcare utilization.
Observational study in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insurance Status and Quality of Care in Infective Endocarditis: A National Analysis of Disparities in Length of Stay, Discharge, and Mortality.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Patient-Directed Discharge Among Hospitalized Persons With Opioid Use Disorder in the Fentanyl Era: A Scoping Review.American journal of medicine open · 2026Review
- Infective Endocarditis Hospitalizations in Kentucky, 2008-2018: Spatial and Temporal Trends.Journal of Appalachian health · 2026Article
- Unveiling patterns in clinical data: exploring the role of large language models and clustering algorithms.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2026Article
- Inpatient addiction care is associated with increased vaccinations, medication for opioid use disorder and naloxone prescribing among patients with infective endocarditis in a rural state.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Article
- Bilateral valvular involvement in infective endocarditis: A clinically distinct entity? A multicenter retrospective study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Drug-related stigma among people who inject drugs - development and validation of the drug use stigma scale (DUSS).PloS one · 2025Article
- The rising cost of infective endocarditis in West Virginia.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
- Trends in Infective Endocarditis Mortality in the United States: 1999 to 2020: A Cause for Alarm.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Characterization of patients receiving surgical versus non-surgical treatment for infective endocarditis in West Virginia.PloS one · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionLife-threatening infections such as infective endocarditis (IE) are increasing simultaneously with the injection drug use epidemic in West Virginia (WV). We utilized a newly developed, statewide database to describe epidemiologic characteristics and healthcare utilization among patients with (DU-IE) and without (non-DU-IE) drug use-associated IE in WV over five years. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis retrospective, observational study, incorporating manual review of electronic medical records, included all patients aged 18-90 years who had their first admission for IE in any of the four university-affiliated referral hospitals in WV during 2014-2018. IE was identified using ICD-10-CM codes and confirmed by chart review. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and healthcare utilization were compared between patients with DU-IE and non-DU-IE using Chi-square/Fisher's exact test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted with discharge against medical advice/in-hospital mortality vs. discharge alive as the outcome variable and drug use as the predictor variable.
resultsOverall 780 unique patients had confirmed first IE admission, with a six-fold increase during study period (p = .004). Most patients (70.9%) had used drugs before hospital admission, primarily by injection. Compared to patients with non-DU-IE, patients with DU-IE were significantly younger (median age: 33.9 vs. 64.1 years; p < .001); were hospitalized longer (median: 25.5 vs. 15 days; p < .001); had a higher proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates (42.7% vs. 29.9%; p < .001), psychiatric disorders (51.2% vs. 17.3%; p < .001), cardiac surgeries (42.9% vs. 26.6%; p < .001), and discharges against medical advice (19.9% vs. 1.4%; p < .001). Multivariable regression analysis showed drug use was an independent predictor of the combined outcome of discharge against medical advice/in-hospital mortality (OR: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.67-5.64). DISCUSSION AND
conclusionThis multisite study reveals a 681% increase in IE admissions in WV over five years primarily attributable to injection drug use, underscoring the urgent need for both prevention efforts and specialized strategies to improve outcomes.
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