ArticleJournal of inflammation research2022
Induction of Trained Immunity Protects Neonatal Mice Against Microbial Sepsis by Boosting Both the Inflammatory Response and Antimicrobial Activity.
Article in Journal of inflammation research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent advances on coxsackievirus A6 vaccine research.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Epigenetic mechanisms of Immune remodeling in sepsis: targeting histone modification.Cell death & disease · 2023Pooled it
- Metabolic-epigenetic rewiring of CCR5Science advances · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of neutrophil extracellular traps in hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment and targeted therapy progress.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Trained immunity modulators: A new frontier in immunoregulation and disease intervention.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Histone Lactylation in Immune Cells and Its Predictive Role in Sepsis Progression: A Prospective Observational Study.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Observational
- Recent perspectives on macrophage memory: types, mechanisms, and characteristics in pulmonary diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Maladaptive trained immunity in viral infections.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Article
- Effects of Yeast β-Glucan Supplementation on Calf Intestinal and Respiratory Health.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- The significance of trained immunity in cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immunomodulation by bacterial products promotes innate signatures favorable to macrophage responses in tuberculosis infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-Induced Protection in Brain Disorders.Inflammation · 2024Review
- Immunogenicity of culture filtrated proteins and whole-cell killed formalin ofOpen veterinary journal · 2024Article
- The role of trained immunity in sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Monocytes from Uninfected Neonates Born toPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- BCG-Induced Immune Training: Interplay between Trained Immunity and Emergency Granulopoiesis.Journal of molecular biology · 2023Review
- [Research advances on severe burn infection and cytokine storm].Zhonghua shao shang yu chuang mian xiu fu za zhi · 2023Review
- Oral administration of heat-inactivatedFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Innate Immune Memory in Macrophages.Newborn (Clarksville, Md.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Neonates are susceptible to a wide range of microbial infection and at a high risk to develop severe sepsis and septic shock. Emerged evidence has shown that induction of trained immunity triggers a much stronger inflammatory response in adult monocytes/macrophages, thereby conferring protection against microbial infection. Methods: This study was carried out to examine whether trained immunity is inducible and exerts its protection against microbial sepsis in neonates. Results: Induction of trained immunity by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) plus bacterial lipoprotein (BLP) protected neonatal mice against cecal slurry peritonitis-induced polymicrobial sepsis, and this protection is associated with elevated circulating inflammatory cytokines, increased neutrophil recruitment, and accelerated bacterial clearance. In vitro stimulation of neonatal murine macrophages with BCG+BLP augmented both inflammatory response and antimicrobial activity. Notably, BCG+BLP stimulation resulted in epigenetic remodeling characterized by histone modifications with enhanced H3K4me3, H3K27Ac, and suppressed H3K9me3 at the promoters of the targeted inflammatory and antimicrobial genes. Critically, BCG+BLP stimulation led to a shift in cellular metabolism with increased glycolysis, which is the prerequisite for subsequent BCG+BLP-triggered epigenetic reprogramming and augmented inflammatory response and antimicrobial capacity. Conclusion: These results illustrate that BCG+BLP induces trained immunity in neonates, thereby protecting against microbial infection by boosting both inflammatory and antimicrobial responses.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.