ArticleFrontiers in surgery2022
Women in Neurosurgery: Historical Path to Self-Segregation and Proposal for an Integrated Future.
Article in Frontiers in surgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Longitudinal changes in women's representation in spine surgery: a 10-year medicare database analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Gender Disparities and Neurosurgical Training Among Residents From the Andean Community in Latin America.Neurosurgery practice · 2026Article
- Women in spine surgery: can we change the society?European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Women in neurosurgical oncology: Mapping the milestones and shaping the future.Neuro-oncology advances · 2026Review
- International medical graduates pursuing pediatric neurosurgery fellowship training in North America: a 30-year analysis.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026Article
- Between languages and scalpels: a woman's journey in a foreign neurosurgery residency.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Mind the Gap: The Journey of Skull Base Specialties Toward Gender Parity.Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base · 2025Article
- Women in neurosurgery aim for recognition of merit, not tokenism: insights from an Italian survey.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Radiation safety practices in neurosurgery: Exploring education gaps and concerns among physicians and trainees.Surgical neurology international · 2025Article
- Does gender disparity exist in neurosurgery training? Evidence from a nationwide survey from Pakistan.Medical education online · 2024Article
- Review
- Exploring the gender gap in neurosurgery: A cross-sectional analysis of preresidency publications among neurosurgery residents.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Saudi women pioneers in neurological surgery: Insights into progress and inclusion.World neurosurgery: X · 2024Review
- Most influential women neurosurgeons on Twitter.World neurosurgery: X · 2024Article
- Article
- Factors Affecting the Choice of Neurosurgery as a Future Career: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Gender and race in neurotrauma: part 1-identifying inequalities in leadership, academics, and clinical trial management.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Social Media for Global Neurosurgery. Benefits and limitations of a groundbreaking approach to communication and education.Brain & spine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
25 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the rising percentage of women accessing the medical profession over the last few decades, surgical specialties are still largely male-dominated; in particular, a remarkable gender disparity is evident in neurosurgery, where only 19% of practitioners are females. Although women may be reluctant to choose a challenging specialty like neurosurgery due to concerns around how to balance family and career, it must be admitted that prejudices against female neurosurgeons have been deeply rooted for long, prompting many to give up and switch track to less demanding subspecialties. Among those who have persisted, many, if not most, have experienced difficulties in career progression and received unequal treatment in comparison with their male counterparts. In 1989, a group of 8 female neurosurgeons founded Women in Neurosurgery (WINS), an organization that aimed to guarantee inclusivity in neurosurgery, encouraging a better and more egalitarian working environment. Thereafter, WINS sessions were regularly promoted at international conferences, offering female neurosurgeons a platform to report issues related to gender discrimination. Over recent years, the mission of WINS sessions in national and international conferences has taken an unexpected deviation; they have progressively become supplementary scientific sessions with only women neurosurgeons as speakers, thus paving the road to a form of self-segregation. This tendency has also resulted in the establishment of sections of only female neurosurgeons within some national societies. Although there remains a faction that fiercely supports the WINS mindset of reserved spaces for women, such segregation is an upsetting prospect for those who believe that science and professionalism have no gender; a growing part of the global neurosurgical community believes that the conception of a "female neurosurgery" and a "male neurosurgery" is misguided and counterproductive and consider the existence of the WINS as anachronistic and no longer necessary.
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Registered trials
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